What is chemical digestion?

1. What is chemical digestion? • Changing big nutrient molecules into their smaller building blocks • REQUIRES ENZYMES • Example: Proteins broken down into amino acids. Proteins and amino acids are different substances.

2. Where does chemical digestion occur and name the enzyme found in each location • Mouth- salivary amylase • Stomach - pepsin • Small intestine- amylase, lipase, protease

3. What is mechanical digestion? • Food is broken into smaller pieces by teeth or churning • Big protein molecules broken down into smaller protein molecules • Big fat molecules broken down into smaller fat molecules

4. Where does mechanical digestion take place? • Mouth • stomach

5. What types of organisms do cell respiration? All Living things- grass, trees, birds, dogs, cats, gorillas, monkeys, bugs, etc etc.

6. Give an example of a catalyst Any enzyme! Catalysts are things that speed up reactions

7. In this sentence what does catalyze mean?How do enzymes catalyze reactions? Speed up

8. What is the equation for a catalyzed reaction? Enzyme + substrate --> enzyme + product *** the substrate is what is broken down into product (example: H202 broken into H20 and O2

10. Can enzymes ever be used up? NO. Enzymes are never used up and are not changed from reactions.

11. How many substrates can an enzyme work on? ONE! Enzymes are specific, they only attach to one substrate. Just like a key only goes with one lock.

12. What had a faster reaction- raw or cooked liver? Why? Raw liver. Liver has enzymes in it. Cooked liver means the liver was in heat. Heat causes enzymes to denature which means they lose their shape. Enzymes must have an exact shape (like a key) to work

13. What conditions have an impact on how well enzymes work? pH (acidity and basic) and temperature. Enzymes like to be in a certain range. If enzymes are in environments that are too hot, too cold, too acidic or too basic they won’t work as well and might not work at all

14. In the lab, what items had catalase (hydrogen peroxidase) in them? Catalase (hydrogen peroxidase) is an enzyme. All enzymes are found in living things. So they would be found in: raw liver and cooked liver

15. Hydrogen peroxide is made by reactions in our body and is dangerous to our cells. It must be broken down by the enzyme hydrogen peroxidase

16. http://cccmkc.edu/hk/~kei~kph/Enzyme/catalase.htm

17. What order does food travel through the digestive tract beginning with the mouth? Mouth then esophagus then stomach then small intestine then large intestine then rectum then anus

18. What are the 3 major groups of nutrients? Carbohydrates, lipids (fat), protein

19. Where are the salivary glands located? Mouth

20. This connects mouth to stomach Esophagus

21. This is the place where most absorption and digestion takes place Small intestine

22. This is under the stomach and makes enzymes pancreas

23. The first place where carbs are broken down chemically by enzymes Mouth

24. This is where peristalsis occurs Esophagus

25. This is where wastes are produced Large intestine

26. Here you can find villi Small intestine

27. This produces bile liver

28. Where are carbs broken down by salivary amylase? Mouth

29. Are vitamins and minerals considered nutrients? Where are they absorbed? They are not nutrients because they do not have calories They are absorbed in the large intestine

30. The places where no digestion occur Esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine, rectum

31. This is the place where churning occurs Stomach

32. This is where vitamins and minerals are absorbed Large intestine

33. Here you find little fingerlike projections that absorb nutrients Small intestine

34. What enzyme breaks carbs down chemically into simple sugars? Amylase

35. Last place where digestion occurs Small intestine

36. This is where wastes are stored right before they exit the body rectum

37. In this spot, nutrients such as amino acids, fatty acids and simple sugars are small enough to pass into villi Small intestine

38. This is where reabsorption of water occurs large intestine

39. This is where any extra water is removed before it exits the body large intestine

40. This is a triple threat- proteins, lipids and carbs can be broken down chemically here Small intestine

41. Pepper, mustard, horseradish, nicotine, coffee and alcohol irritate this Stomach

42. What is the flap that covers the opening to the wind pipe (trachea) when you are swallowing food? Epiglottis

43. This structure is under the stomach and is important for making enzymes pancreas

44. Here you can only find simple sugars Mouth (because in mouth ONLY carbs are broken down into simple sugars by amylase)

45. Here you can find amino acids, fatty acids and simple sugars Small intestine (because carbs are broken down into simple sugars by amylase; proteins are broken down into amino acids by protease and lipids broken down into fatty acids by lipase)

46. The place where waves of muscular contractions move food esophagus

47. This structure makes the enzymes protease, amylase and lipase Pancreas

48. This is where proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin Stomach because enzyme pepsin is made by stomach

49. The name for the mushy ball of food that leaves your mouth and goes down the esophagus bolus

50. This is the place where ONLY proteins can broken down by enzymes stomach