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Mid-Infrared Light Sources Based on Difference Frequency Generation in Direct-Bonded Periodically-Poled LiNbO 3 Ridge W

MIOMD-Ⅶ, Lancaster, Sep. 11-14 Mid-Infrared Light Sources Based on Difference Frequency Generation in Direct-Bonded Periodically-Poled LiNbO 3 Ridge Waveguides H. Suzuki , O. Tadanaga, T. Yanagawa, Y. Nishida H. Miyazawa, K. Magari and M. Asobe NTT Photonics Laboratories NTT Corporation

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Mid-Infrared Light Sources Based on Difference Frequency Generation in Direct-Bonded Periodically-Poled LiNbO 3 Ridge W

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  1. MIOMD-Ⅶ, Lancaster, Sep. 11-14 Mid-Infrared Light Sources Based on Difference Frequency Generationin Direct-Bonded Periodically-Poled LiNbO3 Ridge Waveguides H. Suzuki, O. Tadanaga, T. Yanagawa, Y. Nishida H. Miyazawa, K. Magari and M. Asobe NTT Photonics Laboratories NTT Corporation (hiroyuki@aecl.ntt.co.jp)

  2. Outline • Background Key device: High-efficiency PPLN waveguides • Application to visible laser sources • Characteristics of mid-IR DFG light sources in the 2-3mm regions • Demonstration of gas absorption measurements • Future plan

  3. 420 GHz 20 0 Signals Pump -20 Converted signals -40 20 20 pump 0 10 SH pump (0.78 mm) Converted signal 840 GHz signal converted signal 0 Pump -20 Intensity (dBm) -1.3 dB -10 -40 Signal Intensity (dBm) 20 -20 0 -30 -20 -40 -40 -50 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 20 Wavelength (mm) 0 -20 -40 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 Wavelength (nm) High-efficiency wavelength converter for WDM applications Device structure 0-dB DWDM signal conversion 40Gb/sx8ch conversion by multi-PPLN WC Telecom applications ⇒ Non-telecom applications

  4. Construction of laser light sources Telecom LD1 l3 generation by SFG or DFG in PPLN WG Telecom LD2 PPLN WG Desired laser light generation from selectedλ1 &λ2 Sum-frequency generation (SFG) @ visible Difference-frequency generation (DFG) @ mid-IR

  5. 120 100 Noise: 0.35%(Peak to Peak) 80 0.06%(Root Mean Square) 60 Output (%) 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 m s) Time ( 560-590 nm light sourcesusing sum-frequency generation Output wavelength: 560nm: 0.98mm+1.3mm 590nm: 1.06mm+1.3mm • Output power • >10mW for CW • >5mW for direct modulation • Direct modulation capability • Low noise

  6. DFG wavelength (mm) Signal wavelength (mm) Mid-infrared DFG light source based on PPLN waveguide • Telecom LD pumped • mid-IR light generation • between 2 and 5 mm • >RT CW operation • Widely tunable • @ 2.3-mm range

  7. Absorption intensity of various gases Target wavelengths

  8. Direct bonded ridge waveguide Zn-doped or non-doped LN substrate Diamond blade Electrical poling Polarization Direct bonding Bonded LN/LT wafer LT or Mg-doped LN substrate ＜10 mm Lapping and polishing Waveguide fabrication using dicing saw Photograph of waveguide cross-section ・ High damage resistance 　　　・ Long-term reliability ・ High conversion efficiency ・ Precise design

  9. DFG characteristics of3-mm band waveguide DFG tuning curve L= 28.4 mm L=50 mm RT Pump: Nd:YLF ~10 mW Signal: Tunable LD ~1 mW Conversion efficiency: 40 %/W Output: 0.26-mW with 11-mW pump and 66-mW signal

  10. Lock in Amp. Lock in Amp. 1.55mm Signal： EDFA PbSe Tunable LD Chopper Vacuum cell 1.06mm QPM-LN WG Pump： CH4 cell Coupler PbSe LD FBG BS (Si) Lens L= 28.4mm Ge filter CH4 (@ 3.3 mm) detection setup

  11. CH4 absorption spectrum CH4 gas cell: 10 Torr, 20cm (CaF2 windows) Reference cell: 10-5 Torr, 20cm (CaF2 windows)

  12. L: Poling pitch Phase-matching: Dk = 0 ne(lp) lp 1 L ne(li) li ne(ls) ls - - - Dk = 2p Phase mismatch Dk (mm-1) lp Broad-band phase-matching@ 2.3 mm lp～ 0.94 mm Wide tuning range @ 2.3 mm

  13. Simulated DFG characteristicsin a 5 cm-long bulk sample Idler Wavelength [nm] 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 25 46℃ 48℃ 20 50℃ 52℃ 15 54℃ 56℃ DFG Output [nW] 58℃ 10 60℃ 5 0 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 Signal Wavelength [nm]

  14. DFG tuning curve Pump power: 17.5mW Signal wavelength: 1580.0 nm ~100 %/W DFG characteristics of fabricated 2mm-band waveguide Signal power vs Output power L= 25.60 mm L=50 mm RT 3-dB bandwidth @ RT: ～100 nm Conversion efficiency: ～100 %/W Output: >0.4 mW

  15. Lock in Amp. Lock in Amp. 1.55 mm Signal： Tunable LD PbSe Chopper Reference 0.94 mm QPM-LN WG Pump： CO cell LD Coupler FBG BS (Ge) Lens PbSe L = 25.60 mm Ge filter CO (@ 2.4 mm) detection setup

  16. CO isotopomer absorption spectrum 12CO / buffer gas cell: 300 Torr, 20cm (anhydros SiO2 windows) 13CO / buffer gas cell: 300 Torr, 20cm (anhydros SiO2 windows) 12CO (100Torr) 13CO (100Torr) Reference gas cell: 300 Torr, 40cm

  17. CO ro-vibration absorption spectra 12CO (100 Torr, 20cm) 13CO (100 Torr, 20cm)

  18. Assignment of 12CO ro-vibration absorption lines P-branch R-branch

  19. Signal bandwidth vs Pump wavelength

  20. 16 14 22 15 3 2 9 21 18 13 4 11 20 6 1 10 17 0 19 12 8 7 5 ppm-level CO2 detection in air @ 2.7 mm 4 ppm Multi-pass cell Pump laser @ 0.98 mm

  21. Mid-IR PPLN waveguide module PPLN waveguide module PPLN waveguide

  22. Summary • Laser diode pumped mid-IR light sources using DFG in direct bonded PPLN waveguide. • Mid-IR light generated in the 2- and 3-mm regions. Conversion efficiency: 40–100 %/W. Output: mW level • Absorption measurements demonstrated for CH4, CO isotomomers and CO2. • Mid-IR PPLN waveguide being developed.

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