Recognition of Qualifications for the Labour Market

2. Recognition Issues in the Bologna Process International Seminar, Lisboa, Fundação Gulbenkian 11 - 12 April 2002 Part Two: New Challenges to Old Traditions Recognition of Qualifications for the Labour Market A View from an Employer Dr. Kruno HernautSiemens AG, MünchenSenior Director, Education Policy

3. Siemens Some facts and figures (2001) Employees: world-wide 485 000 (100 %) in Europe 320 000 (66 %) HE graduates: 150 000 (31 %) Ingenieurs: 120 000 (25 %) Global presence in: 190 countries Sales: 87 billion €

4. Driving factors Globalization Economy Society Education Change Technology Organization

5. Europe - a continent of great diversity Some facts and figures ~ 40 independent countries ~ 32 different languages 15 countries in European Union simultaneous translation in at least 3 - 4 languages in every official EU / EC meeting all official documents of the EU must be translated into 11 languages in order to be understood in every Member Country

6. Variety of educational systemsGeneral The educational system is still, in a special way, an expression of the cultural identity of each individual country. Despite of many common roots, this has lead to pronounced structural differences in Europe. These have been viewed politically as intrinsic values, worthy of retention.

7. Variety of educational systemsSecondary level According to the national needs and attitudes the major differences begin already in school education at secondary level. From country to country there are different types of schools different emphasis on certain content different pedagogical approaches and different standards and lengths of education

8. Variety of educational systemsTertiary level Similar differences we can find in university education at tertiary level too: different types of universities with their own educational profiles different levels of theory and practice in education different academic values of degrees different titles and again different lengths of study

9. Example:Variety of academic engineering titles in Europe Akademiingeniør Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Engineering Bachelor of Science Civilingeniør Civilingenjör Diplom-Ingenieur Diplom-Ingenieur ETH Diplom-Ingenieur (FH) Diplomi-Insinöör Diplomirani Inženir Doktor-Ingenieur Dottore in Ingegneria Engenheiro Europa-Ingenieur Ingenieur (grad.) Ingeniør Inginer Insinööri Ingeniero Químico Ingeniero Superior Ingeniero Técnico Ingénieur civil Ingénieur diplomé Ingénieur industriel Ingénieur technicien Inženyr Inžinier Inżynier Magister Inżynier Master of Arts Master of Engineering Master of Science Okleveles mérnök Okleveles üzemmérnök Sivilingeniør Teknikfræðingur Teknikumingeniør Verkfræðingur

10. Variety of professional systems The professions and the system of access to these professions are also the result of historical developments and of legal regulations. Again, there are quite considerable differences from one country to the next. The employment systems adapted themselves to the results provided by the universities of the individual country (relative harmony).

11. Need for transparency Who is comparable to whom? What level and profile of competence you can expect from a graduate from another country? To answer these questions today you must be an expert in education systems in Europe

12. Different Formation Systems How to evaluate different Formation Systems ? Use the concept of Minimum Standards (e.g. FEANI) Engineering Profession Formation Development of Professional Comptence Engineering Education Secondary Education

13. FEANI concept EUR ING 2000 FEANI is a Federation of 27 European National Engineering Associations FEANI maintains  an Index - a list of engineering "schools and courses" accredited by FEANI  a Professional Register of European Engineers (EUR ING) The purpose of the Register is to facilitate the movement of practising engineers internationally

14. FEANI Index and Register INDEX List of accredited engineering "Schools and Courses" 9 000 Courses 2 600 Disciplines (Course names) 850 HE Institutions Register List of registered EUR INGs 27 000 Registered European Engineers

15. Concept of minimum standards Engineering Profession Formation Engineering Education Minimum Standard for Secondary Education Secondary Education

16. Concept of Minimum Standards Engineering Profession Formation Minimum Standard for Engineering Education: Accredited Study Program Engineering Education Minimum Standard for Secondary Education Secondary Education

17. Concept of Minimum Standards Comparable Ingenieurs Minimum Standard for Engineering Professional Experience Engineering Profession Let us focus on higher education Formation Minimum Standard for Engineering Education: Accredited Study Program Engineering Education Minimum Standard for Secondary Education Secondary Education

18. TCD Third Cycle Study (PhD) SCD Second Cycle Study (Master) FCD (Bachelor) First Cycle Study Different options to design a Higher Education System Global Standard ContinentalEurope USA(optional) Very rare(optional)

19. Research University University of Applied Sciences "Long Degree" "Long" engineering program (5 years) "Short Degree" "Short" engineering program (3-4 years) Traditional education systems in continental EuropeDifferent types of universities and engineering programs Application oriented Theory based

20. Global Standard Master level CompatibleMobility Channels Bachelor level Bachelor UndergraduateStudy Global Standard Bachelor / Master System Research University Applied University Long Degree "Long" engineering program (5 years) Master GraduateStudy Short Degree "Short" engineering program (4 years)

21. Basics Basics Basics Compatibility problems No added value No defined entry Global Standard Master level Long Degree "Long" engineering program GraduateStudy Advanced level Forget it ! Short Degree "Short" engineering program Bachelor level ? UndergraduateStudy ? Back to the Basics ! Deficit Basic level

22. New European Standard (Bologna declaration) Second Cycle DegreeSCD Second Cycle Program SCP (Master) First Cycle DegreeFCD First Cycle Program FCP Soft Standard(~ 5 years) (Bachelor) Hard Standard:Minimum 3 years

23. FEANI classificationCourse & Degree Type and Bologna Declaration Second Cycle DegreeSCD "Master" SCC SCD "Long" Courses C-Type = F&SCC D-Type = SCD First Cycle DegreeFCD "Short" Courses C-Type = FCC D-Type = FCD "Bachelor" C-Type = FCC D-Type = FCD Traditional Bologna type

24. FEANI classificationDegree level and profile Second Cycle Degrees SCD T SCD A Bologna level First Cycle Degrees FCD T FCD A more theory oriented Profile more application oriented Profile FEANI profile

25. Research & Development Product Development, Design Engineering, Sales, Marketing Production, Installation, Service Theoretical / Abstract Competence Practical / Concrete Competence Theoretical and practical portions of required competencein industry

26. Research & Development Product Development, Design Engineering, Sales, Marketing Production, Installation, Service Total: 50 000 5 % 35 % 35 % 20 % 55 % 35 % 25 % 90 % 45 % 65 % 75 % 10 % Engineers at Siemens in Germany Theory based degree profile Application oriented degree profile

27. Consecutive Master Conversion Master Variety of Programs at German Universities in Engineering SCD level Master of ScienceM.Sc. Master of EngineeringM.Eng. ConversionMastere.g. MBA. Competence level FCD level Diplom-Ingenieur Univ.Dipl.-Ing.Univ. Diplom-Ingenieur (FH)Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Bachelor of ScienceB.Sc. Bachelor of EngineeringB.Eng. Traditional Bologna type

28. Depth of Qualification Ingenieur Width of Qualification Industry's recommendation for content in an Engineering Program Thesis (Project) Engineering Application Base & Problem SolvingMethodology Industry Placement ~25 % PersonalSkills Basics Scientific Base Technology Base ~15 % ~30 % ~30 %

29. Research University Global Standard SCD level Long Degree Engineering Master Engineering Master Engineering Advanced level Basics FCD level Bachelor Engineering Bachelor Engineering Basics Basics Basics Basic level Transition of "Long Education" to two-cycle System Problems Lack of compatibility Not well balanced Integrative approach

30. Research University Global Standard SCD level Long Degree Engineering Engineering Engineering Basics Basics FCD level Engineering Engineering Basics Basics Basics Transition of "Long Education" to two-cycle System Advanced level Compatible solution Balanced Programs Basic level Industry‘s recommendation: New Bachelor Program

31. GermanyState of Implementation Academic spring term 2002  some 1450 new Bachelor and Master programs introduced  ~ 50 % more than in the previous term

32. Conclusion Industry welcomes the European Higher Education System based on Bologna Declaration. Expectations: adapt national legislation implement new courses in Universities integrate the traditional system into EHES scheme learn from experience and best practice of other countries as soon as possible!

33. Ladies and Gentlemen.Thank you for your attention ... End ... questions and discussionare appreciated Dr. Kruno Hernaut Siemens AG, München Senior Director, Education Policy kruno.hernaut@siemens.com