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Autonomic Nervous System

Learn about the autonomic nervous system and its components, including the enteric, sympathetic, and parasympathetic systems. Understand the role of GVE and GVA components, the limbic system, the spinal level, and the peripheral nervous system.

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Autonomic Nervous System

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  1. Autonomic Nervous System Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand

  2. Autonomic Nervous System • Enteric System • Sympathetic Nervous System • Parasympathetic Nervous System All systems have GVE and GVA components Primarily considered a two neuron chain motor system

  3. Limbic System Hypothalamus Afferent Input (GVA) Autonomic Nervous System Reticular Formation Spinal Level Periphery Autonomic Nervous System

  4. Skeletal vs. Smooth MuscleMotor Systems

  5. “B” fiber “C” fiber Nuclei Acetylcholine Ganglia Spinal cord or brainstem Periphery PSNS & SNS – Similarities

  6. SNS activate body thoracolumbar (T1-L2) short preganglionic/long postganglionic fibers global responses postganglionic transmitter: norepinephrine (except sweat glands – ACH) PSNS prepare body for rest craniosacral (CN III, VII, IX, X & S2-4) long preganglionics/short postganglionic fibers discrete/local responses postganglionic transmitter: acetylcholine PSNS & SNS – Differences

  7. Sympathetic Nervous System • “Fight or Flight” system • Activation • increases heart rate • increases sweating • dilates pupil • inhibits GI movement • closes sphincters • diverts blood from skin and GI tract to skeletal muscles

  8. Sympathetic Nervous System- Preganglionic Neuron May: • terminate on postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic chain ganglia • ascend or descend to higher or lower ganglia and terminate on postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic chain ganglia • pass through the sympathetic chain to prevertebral ganglia (celiac, inferior or superior mesenteric) • pass through the sympathetic chain ganglia to adrenal medulla

  9. referred pain • heart – T1-4 • gall bladder – T6-8 • stomach – T7-8

  10. preganglionic fibers from T1-5 ascend postganglionic fibers from sup. cervical ganglia follow carotid a. fibers follow III and V ophthalmic innervate dilator m, levator palpebrae, sweat & lacrimal glands

  11. Parasympathetic Nervous System • prepares body for rest • promotes digestion, GI peristalsis • slows heart rate • constricts pupil • empties bladder • relaxes sphincters • mediates genital erection

  12. Horner’s Syndrome • damage to the descending fibers from the hypothalamus or the superior cervical ganglia • miosis – pupillary constriction • anhidrosis – lack of sweating • ptosis – drooping of the eye lid • enophthalmos – eye appears to sink in to the orbit

  13. Bladder • SNS – retention • PSNS – voiding (micturation)

  14. L1 – L2 GVE • SNS input from L1-2 (int. urinary sphincter) • PSNS input from S2-4 (detrusor mm) • GSE (Onuf) to ext. urinary sphincter • GSA (pain, temp & pressure to T12/L1 & S2-4 • GVA to S2-4 • paracentral lobule & brainstem S2 – S4 GVE S2 – S4 GSE S2-4 GVA/GSA (T12/L1)

  15. Autonomic Nervous System and the Bladder • “UMN bladder” = “spastic bladder” = automatic reflex bladder • “LMN bladder” = “flaccid bladder” = “atonic bladder” = autonomous reflex bladder

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