To Begin…

1. To Begin… Use deductive reasoning to determine the answer. President Lincoln was reluctant to emancipate the slaves in the first year of the Civil War because • He feared that freeing the slaves would bring England and France into the war • Congress was opposed to emancipation • He knew that a proclamation about slavery would only further alienate the South • He feared that emancipation would drive the border states out of the Union • He had always been opposed to the abolitionists in his party

2. Topic 4: Effects of the Civil War

3. When finish, please turn in your quiz and remain quiet until your peers finish. Quiz Time 

4. Reconstruction Was Reconstruction a success or a failure? 11/4

5. Effects of the war • Political: • Republican majorities in Congress • reasserted federal government • Economic: • new economic policies; • strengthened northern industry and commerce • closer relationship between North and West • Social: • changing roles of women and freed men • 620,000 deaths; 400,000 wounded

7. The Post-War Situation • North • want to continue economic progress that began during the war • Republicans believe they have a political mandate • Some believed that Southern society needed to be completely revamped

8. The Post-War Situation • South • economy and infrastructure destroyed • ego bruised • feel exploited • Carpetbaggers • Scalawags • Southern whites desire to return to pre-war prominence • freedmen looking for equal rights and opportunity

9. What do we do now? • Reconstruction: the period from 1865-1877 that attempted to politically, socially, and economically rebuild the nation. • Major Questions: • What is the place of 4 million newly freed slaves in society? Do they need help “adjusting”? • Should the former states be treated as if never left or as conquered territory? • Who has the authority to decide these questions?

10. Your Reconstruction Plan • Working in a small group, determine and explain your ideological approach to Reconstruction. • Do you want to punish or forgive? • Do you want the process to be expedient or thorough? • Keeping your ideological approach in mind, develop the details of your plan. • Who is in charge of the Reconstruction process? • What is the process for reintegrating Southern states back into the Union? • What will be done to Southerners who rebelled, especially their political/military leaders? • If and how will the South be rebuilt? • How will newly freed slaves be integrated into society? Will specific services and protections be provided? What kind?

11. Reconstruction Plans • Presidential Plans • Ideology – quick and painless • Lincoln’s 10% Plan (1863) • 10% of voters had to pledge allegiance to the Union and to uphold emancipation. • Temporary exclusion of Confederates • Johnson’s Plan (1865) • Lowered pledge % • Disenfranchised ex-Confederates (but some could be pardoned) • Ratify 13th Amendment • Congressional Plans • Ideology – thorough and punishing • Wade-Davis Bill (1864) • 50% of voters had to pledge • Abolition of slavery • Permanent exclusion of Confederates • Radical Reconstruction (Act of 1867) • Divided South into 5 military districts • Ratify 14th Amendment • Extend suffrage to African Americans

13. Reconstruction Politics Cont. • Constitutional Amendments • 13 (1865) • 14 (1868) • 15 (1870)

14. Reconstruction Politics Cont. • Constitutional Amendments • 13 (1865) • 14 (1868) • 15 (1870) • Johnson’s Impeachment • Tension with Congress • Tenure of Office Act • Narrow acquittal

15. …To End • Please craft a thesis statement for the following question: Assess the accuracy of the statement -- “Ultimately, the Civil War reduced sectional antagonism and made the United States truly ‘one nation’.”