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Brief Introduction to the Theory of Evolution

Brief Introduction to the Theory of Evolution. Anders Gorm Pedersen Molecular Evolution Group Center for Biological Sequence Analysis gorm@cbs.dtu.dk. Classification: Linnaeus. Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778. Classification: Linnaeus. Hierarchical system Kingdom (Rige) Phylum (Række)

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Brief Introduction to the Theory of Evolution

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  1. Brief Introduction to the Theory of Evolution Anders Gorm Pedersen Molecular Evolution Group Center for Biological Sequence Analysis gorm@cbs.dtu.dk

  2. Classification: Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778

  3. Classification: Linnaeus • Hierarchical system • Kingdom (Rige) • Phylum (Række) • Class (Klasse) • Order (Orden) • Family (Familie) • Genus (Slægt) • Species (Art)

  4. Classification depicted as a tree

  5. Classification depicted as a tree Species Genus Family Order Class

  6. Theory of evolution Charles Darwin 1809-1882

  7. Phylogenetic basis of systematics • Linnaeus: Ordering principle is God. • Darwin: Ordering principle is shared descent from common ancestors. • Today, systematics is explicitly based on phylogeny.

  8. Darwin’s four postulates • More young are produced each generation than can survive to reproduce. • Individuals in a population vary in their characteristics. • Some differences among individuals are based on genetic differences. • Individuals with favorable characteristics have higher rates of survival and reproduction. • Evolution by means of natural selection • Presence of ”design-like” features in organisms: quite often features are there “for a reason”

  9. Theory of evolution as the basis of biological understanding ”Nothing in biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution. Without that light it becomes a pile of sundry facts - some of them interesting or curious but making no meaningful picture as a whole” T. Dobzhansky

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