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Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN)

Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN). Module 3.3. Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN). Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: Describe the features and benefits of SAN. Describe the physical and logical elements of SAN. List common SAN topologies.

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Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN)

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  1. Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN) Module 3.3

  2. Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SAN) Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: • Describe the features and benefits of SAN. • Describe the physical and logical elements of SAN. • List common SAN topologies. • Compare and contrast connectivity devices. • Describe connectivity options of SAN. • Describe the I/O flow in the SAN environment. • List SAN management considerations. • Describe applications of a SAN strategy. Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  3. In this module … This module contains the following lessons: • Fibre Channel SAN Overview. • The Components of a SAN. • FC SAN Connectivity. • SAN Management. • SAN Deployment Examples. • Case Study and Applications of FC SAN. Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  4. Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Overview Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: • Define a FC SAN. • Describe the features of FC SAN based storage. • Describe the benefits of an FC SAN based storage strategy. Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  5. Business Needs and Technology Challenges • Information when and where the business user needs it • Integrate technology infrastructure with business processes • Flexible, resilient architecture Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  6. What is a SAN? Array • Dedicated storage network • Organized connections among: • Storage • Communication devices • Systems • Secure • Robust Switches Server Servers Storage Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  7. HUB Evolution of Fibre Channel SAN Servers Switches Switches Servers Storage Storage Servers Interconnected SANs FC Switched Fabric SAN Islands FC Arbitrated Loop Arrays Storage Enterprise SANs FC Switched Fabric Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  8. Benefits of a SAN • High bandwidth • Fibre Channel • SCSI extension • Block I/O • Resource Consolidation • Centralized storage and management • Scalability • Up to 16 million devices • Secure Access • Isolation and filtering Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  9. Lesson Summary Topics in this lesson included: • Definition of a SAN • Features and Benefits of SANs Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  10. Lesson: The Components of a SAN Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: • Describe the elements of a SAN. • Host Bus Adapter (HBA) • Fiber Cabling • Fibre Channel Switch /Hub • Storage Array • Management System Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  11. HBA Components of a Storage Area Network • Host Bus Adapter (HBA) • Fiber Cabling • Fibre Channel Switch /Hub • Storage Array • Management System Switches HBA SAN-attached Server SAN Arrays Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  12. Link Port 0 Port 0 Rx Tx Port n Port n Port 1 Port 1 Port 0 Port 0 Nodes, Ports, & Links HBA Node Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  13. Host Bus Adapters • HBAs perform low-level interface functions automatically to minimize the impact on host processor performance Arrays Switches HBA HBA Server Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  14. Connectivity Switches Single Mode Fiber Multimode Fiber Host Storage Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  15. Connectors Node Connectors: • SC Duplex Connectors • LC Duplex Connectors Patch panel Connectors • ST Simplex Connectors Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  16. HBA Connectivity Devices • Basis for SAN communication • Hubs, Switches and Directors Arrays Switches Server Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  17. Storage Resources • Storage Array • Provides storage consolidation and centralization • Features of an array • High Availability/Redundancy • Performance • Business Continuity • Multiple host connect Arrays Switches HBA Server Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  18. SAN Management Software • A suite of tools used in a SAN to manage the interface between host and storage arrays. • Provides integrated management of SAN environment. • Web based GUI or CLI Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  19. Lesson: Summary Topics in this lesson included: • The elements of a SAN: • Host Bus Adapter (HBA) • Fiber Cabling • Fibre Channel Switch /Hub • Storage Array • Management System Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  20. Lesson: Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: • Describe the Fibre Channel SAN connectivity methods and topologies • Describe Fibre Channel devices • Describe Fibre Channel communication protocols • Describe Fibre Channel login procedures Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  21. SAN switches directors IP network Servers & Applications Users & Application Clients Storage & Application Data Fibre Channel SAN Connectivity • Core networking principles applied to storage • Servers are attached to 2 distinct networks • Back-end • Front-end Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  22. What is Fibre Channel? • SAN Transport Protocol • Integrated set of standards (ANSI) • Encapsulates SCSI • A High Speed Serial Interface • Allows SCSI commands to be transferred over a storage network. • Standard allows for multiple protocols over a single interface. Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  23. NL Port NL Port NL Port NL Port FL Port FL Port HUB HUB NL Port N Port N Port N Port N Port E Port E Port F Port F Port F Port F Port Fibre Channel Ports Servers Server Node Node Storage Node Server Switch Node Switch Node Switch Node Node Array Array Storage Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  24. World Wide Names • Unique 64 bit identifier. • Static to the port. • Used to physically identify a port or node within the SAN • Similar to a NIC MAC address • Additionally, each node is assigned a unique port ID (address) within the SAN • Used to communicate between nodes within the SAN • Similar in functionality to an IP address on a NIC Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  25. World Wide Names: Example Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  26. Fibre Channel Logins Fabric N Port 1 F Port F Port N Port 2 Process x Process a Process y Process b Process z Process c Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  27. Fibre Channel Addressing • Fibre Channel addresses are used for transporting frames from source ports to destination ports. • Address assignment methods vary with the associated topology (loop vs switch) • Loop – self assigning • Switch – centralized authority • Certain addresses are reserved • FFFFFC is Name Server • FFFFFE is Fabric Login Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  28. Fabric What is a Fabric? Arrays • Virtual space used by nodes to communicate with each other once they are joined. • Component identifiers: • Domain ID • Worldwide Name (WWN) Servers Switches Storage Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  29. HUB Fibre Channel Topologies • Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) • Devices attached to a shared “loop” • Analogous to Token Ring • Switched Fabric (FC-SW) • All devices connected to a “Fabric Switch” – Analogous to an IP switch • Initiators have unique dedicated I/O paths to Targets Clients Storage Arrays Switch Clients Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  30. Switches (FC-SW) FC-SW architecture scalable to millions of connections. Bandwidth per device stays constant with increased connectivity. Bandwidth is scalable due to dedicated connections. Higher availability than hubs. Higher cost. Hubs (FC-AL) FC-AL is limited to 127 connections (substantially fewer connections can be implemented for ideal system performance). Bandwidth per device diminishes with increased connectivity due to sharing of connections. Low cost connection. Switch versus Hub Comparison Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  31. NL_Port #1 HBA NL_Port #2 HBA NL_Port #2HBA NL_Port #1HBA NL_Port #4 HBA NL_Port #4HBA Byp Byp Byp Byp How an Arbitrated Loop Hub Works Node A Node D Hub_Pt Hub_Pt Transmit Receive Byp Byp Receive Transmit Node B Node C NL_Port #3 FA NL_Port #3FA Transmit Receive Byp Byp Receive Transmit Hub_Pt Hub_Pt Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  32. How a Switched Fabric Works Node A Node D Port Port NL_Port #1 HBA NL_Port #2 HBA N_Port #2Storage Port Transmit Receive N_Port #1HBA Receive Transmit Node B Node C NL_Port #4 HBA Transmit Receive NL_Port #3 FA N_Port #3Storage Port N_Port #4HBA Receive Transmit Port Port Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  33. Inter Switch Links (ISLs) Multimode Fiber 1Gb=500m 2Gb=300m Switch Switch Single-mode Fiber up to10 km Switch Switch Metro ring or point-to-point topologies with or withoutpath protection Switch Switch Router Router Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  34. Topology: Mesh Fabric • Can be either partial or full mesh • All switches are connected to each other • Host and Storage can be located anywhere in the fabric • Host and Storage can be localized to a single switch Partial Mesh Full Mesh Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  35. Full Mesh Benefits • Benefits • All storage/servers are a maximum of one ISL hop away. • Hosts and storage may be located anywhere in the fabric. • Multiple paths for data using the Fabric Shortest Path First (FSPF) algorithm. • Fabric management made simpler. Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  36. Can be two or three tiers Single Core Tier One or two Edge Tiers In a two tier topology, storage is usually connected to the Core Benefits High Availability Medium Scalability Medium to maximum Connectivity Topology: Simple Core-Edge Fabric Host Tier Storage Tier Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  37. Core-Edge Benefits • Simplifies propagation of fabric data. • One ISL hop access to all storage in the fabric. • Efficient design based on node type. • Traffic management and predictability. • Easier calculation of ISL loading and traffic patterns. Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  38. Lesson: Summary Topics in this lesson included: • The Fibre Channel SAN connectivity methods and topologies • Fibre Channel devices • Fibre Channel communication protocols • Fibre Channel login procedures Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  39. Lesson: SAN Management Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: • Describe SAN management functions • Infrastructure protection • Provisioning • Capacity Management • Performance Management Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  40. SAN Management Overview • Infrastructure protection • Fabric Management • Storage Allocation • Capacity Tracking • Performance Management Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  41. Corporate LAN Management LAN (Private) Infrastructure Security • Physical security • Locked data center • Centralized server and storage infrastructure • Controlled administrator access Secure VPNor Firewall Servers Control Station Switch Switch In-band (FC) Out-band (IP) Storage Arrays Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  42. Switch/Fabric Management Tools • Vendor supplied management software • Embedded within the switch • Graphical User Interface (GUI) or Command Line Interface (CLI) • Functionality • Common functions • Performance monitoring • Discovery • Access Management (Zoning) • Different “look and feel” between vendors • Additional third party software add-ons • Enhanced functionality, such as automation Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  43. Fabric Management: Zoning Servers Arrays Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  44. Zones Sets(Library) Zones(Library) Members(WWN’s) Zone Set Member Member Member Member Member Member Zone Zone Zone Zoning Components Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  45. Types of Zoning Servers Domain ID = 21Port = 1 WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DE:56 Array Switches Domain ID = 25Port = 3 WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:40 WWN 50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9E Examples: WWN Zone 1 = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:40; 50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9E Port Zone 1 = 21,1; 25,3 Mixed Zone 1 = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DE:56; Port 21/1 Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  46. Single HBA Zoning • Optimally, one HBA per zone. • Nodes can only “talk” to Storage in the same zone • Storage Ports may be members of more than one zone. • HBA ports are isolated from each other to avoid potential problems associated with the SCSI discovery process. • Also known as “chatter” • Decreases the impact of a changes in a Fabric by reducing the amount of nodes that must communicate. Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  47. Provisioning: LUN Masking • Restricts volume access to specific hosts and/or host clusters. • Servers can only access the volumes that they are assigned. • Access controlled in the storage and not in the fabric • Makes distributed administration secure • Tools to manage masking • GUI • Command Line Switch Array Servers Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  48. Capacity Management • Tracking and managing assets • Number of ports assigned • Storage allocated • Utilization profile • Indicates resource utilization over time • Allows for forecasting • SAN management software provides the tools • Inventory databases • Report writers Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  49. Performance Management • What is it? • Capturing metrics and monitoring trends • Proactively or Reactively responding • Planning for future growth • Areas and functions • Host, Fabric and Storage Performance • Building baselines for the environment Storage Area Networks (SAN)

  50. Lesson: Summary • Topics in this lesson included: • Infrastructure protection • Provisioning • Capacity Management • Performance Management Storage Area Networks (SAN)

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