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Oracle & SQL

Oracle & SQL. Oracle Data Types. Character Data Types: Char(2) Varchar (20) Clob: large character string as long as 4GB Bolb and bfile: large amount of binary file Numeric Data Types: Number: used to store real numbers

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Oracle & SQL

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  1. Oracle & SQL

  2. Oracle Data Types • Character Data Types: • Char(2) • Varchar (20) • Clob: large character string as long as 4GB • Bolb and bfile: large amount of binary file • Numeric Data Types: • Number: used to store real numbers • Binary float & binary double: to store data in a floating –point format • Date and Time Data Types: • Date: stores date & time • Timestamp: stores time values that are precise to fractional seconds • Conversion functions: • TO_CHAR: floating number to a string • TO_NUMBER: floating number or string to a number • TO_DATE: character data to a DATE data type • TO_TIMESTAMP:

  3. SQL Statements • Data Manipulation: • SELECT • INSERT • DELETE • UPDATE • Data Definition: • CREATE TABLE • DROP TABLE • ALTER TABLE • CREATE VIEW • DROP VIEW • CREATE INDEX • DROP INDEX • CREATE SCHEME • DROP SCHEME • CREATE DOMAIN • DROP DOMAIN • Access Control: • GRANT • REVOKE

  4. Transaction Control: • COMMIT: Ends the current transaction • ROLLBACK: Aborts the current transaction • SET TRANSACTION: Define the data access char. • Programmatic Control: • DECLARE • EXPLAIN • OPEN • FETCH • CLOSE • PREPARE • EXECUTE • DESCRIBE

  5. Sql Operators • Comparison operator: • Between: tests whether a value is between a pair of value • IN: test whether a value is in a list of values • LIKE: Tests whether a value follows a certain pattern • Logical Operator: • AND, OR, NOT, GE, LE • The set Operator: • UNION: combines the result of more than one select statement after removing any duplicate rows • NUION ALL: • INTERSECTION: • MINUS: returns the rows returned by the first query that aren’t in the second query’s result.

  6. SQL Functions • Single-Row Functions: • CONCAT: puts together two or more character strings into one string • LENGTH: length of character string • LOWER: uppercase letter to lower case • SUBSTR: part of string • INSTR: number indicating where in a string a certain string value starts. • REPLACE: • Aggregate Functions: • MIN • MAX • AVG • SUM • COUNT: total number of columns • COUNT(*) : number of rows in a table • Number & Date Functions: • ROUND • TRUNC • TO_DATE

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