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Computer Networks part II

Computer Networks part II. Network Types Defined. Local area networks Metropolitan area networks Wide area networks. Local Area Network (LAN). Series of interconnected computers, printing devices, and other computer equipment that share hardware and software resources

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Computer Networks part II

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  1. Computer Networkspart II

  2. Network Types Defined • Local area networks • Metropolitan area networks • Wide area networks

  3. Local Area Network (LAN) • Series of interconnected computers, printing devices, and other computer equipment that share hardware and software resources • Service area usually limited to a given office area, floor, or building

  4. Example of a LAN

  5. Metropolitan Area Network • Links multiple LANs in a large city or metropolitan region • Typically uses fiber-optic connections

  6. Example of a MAN

  7. Wide Area Network (WAN) • Far-reaching system of networks that usually extends over 30 miles and often reaches across states and continents

  8. Types of Networks Internet A wide area network that spans the planet So, who owns the Internet?

  9. Internet Connections Internet backbone A set of high-speed networks that carry Internet traffic, provided by companies such as AT&T, Verizon, GTE, British Telecom, and IBM Internet service provider(ISP) A company that provides other companies or individuals with access to the Internet

  10. Identifying a Network Type • Communications medium • Wire cable, fiber-optic cable, radio waves, microwaves • Protocol • How networked data is formatted into discrete units • How each unit is transmitted and interpreted • Topology • Physical layout of cable and logical path • Network type • Private versus public

  11. Enterprise Network • Enterprise network • Combination of LANs, MANs, or WANs that provides users with an array of computer and network resources to complete different tasks

  12. Enterprise Network

  13. Enterprise-Wide Topologies • Enterprise • An entire organization • Backbone networks • Serial backbone • Distributed backbone • Collapsed backbone • Parallel backbone

  14. Enterprise-Wide Topologies Serial backbone Two or more hubs connected to each other by a single cable Distributed backbone Hubs connected to a series of central hubs or routers in a hierarchy A simple distributed backbone network

  15. Enterprise-Wide Topologies VA GA NC A distributed backbone connecting multiple LANs

  16. Enterprise-Wide Topologies Collapsed backbone Uses a router or switch as the single central connection point for multiple subnetworks A collapsed backbone network

  17. Enterprise-Wide Topologies Parallel Backbone Collapsed backbone arrangement that consists of more than one connection from central router or switch to each network segment A parallel backbone network

  18. Enterprise-Wide Topologies Mesh networks Routers are interconnected with other routers, with at least two pathways connecting each router An example of a mesh network

  19. Wide Area Network (WAN) Topologies Peer-to-peer topology WAN with single interconnection points for each location Dedicated circuits Continuous physical or logical connections between two access points that are leased from a communication provider A peer-to-peer WAN

  20. Wide Area Network (WAN) Topologies Ring WAN topology Each site is connected to two other sites so that entire WAN forms a ring pattern A ring-configured WAN

  21. Wide Area Network (WAN) Topologies Star WAN topology Single site acts as the central connection point for several other points A star-configured WAN

  22. Wide Area Network (WAN) Topologies Mesh WAN topology Many directly interconnected locations forming a complex mesh Full-mesh and partial-mesh WANs

  23. Wide Area Network (WAN) Topologies Tiered WAN topology Sites connected in star or ring formations are interconnected at different levels, with interconnection points organized into layers A tiered WAN topology

  24. Logical Topologies • Refers to the way in which data are transmitted between nodes • Describes the way: • Data are packaged in frames • Electrical pulses are sent over network’s physical media • Logical topology may also be called network transport system

  25. Network Architecture • Defines how network functions at a logical level • Two primary types • Client-server • Peer-to-peer (P2P)

  26. Client-server Network Architecture • Nodes are either clients or servers • Clients use services • Servers provide services • Access to shared data • E-mail • Printing • FAX • Client software on client node cooperates with server software on server node • WWW is largest client server application

  27. Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture • All nodes on the network are equal. • Any node can be both a client and a server. • Napster was an example of a P2P network used to share MP3 files. • Windows printer and file sharing use P2P.

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