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Constructing Ideas in Physical Science

Dive into magnetism with practical activities and underlying concepts in physical science. Understand how magnets work and why certain materials are magnetic. Explore natural and human-made magnets, electron alignment, electric coils, and Earth's magnetic field. Discover hands-on teaching strategies and address student misconceptions. Access additional learning resources for a comprehensive understanding of magnetism.

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Constructing Ideas in Physical Science

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  1. CIPS Institute for Middle School Science Teachers Constructing Ideas in Physical Science Joan Abdallah, AAAS Darcy Hampton, DCPS Davina Pruitt-Mentle, University of Maryland

  2. Session 2 Debriefing • What do you remember from yesterday’s session (no peeking at text or notes)? • What were the “essential questions” being asked/explored? • What conclusions did “we” decide? • What was/were the “underlying concepts/content” that the activities were after? 8/2-8/13

  3. Deeper Questions • What deeper questions could you envision students asking? • What misconceptions or misinterpretations can you foresee? • How or what would you say? 8/2-8/13

  4. Deeper Questions or Possible Misinterpretations • “What is a magnet”? • “What makes something a magnet”? • “How can you magnetize something”? • “How does something loose being a magnet”? What would you say? 8/2-8/13

  5. What’s a Magnet? Magnets do the following things: • Attract certain materials - such as iron, nickel, cobalt, certain steels and other alloys; • Exert an attractive or repulsive force on other magnets • Have an effect on electrical conductors when the magnet and conductor are moving in relation to each other; • Have an effect on the path taken by electrically charged particles traveling in free space. The Magnet Library http://www.magnet4u.com/eng/new_lib/lib_1.htm 8/2-8/13

  6. Why does a Magnet Work? • Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel (and some other elements), as well as some alloys are ferromagnetic • These materials exhibit a property called long range ordering • This is a quantum effect beyond the scope of a middle (or high) school class • Unpaired electrons in the material tend to line up • Electrons which line up cause the magnetic effect 8/2-8/13

  7. Iron Fe #26 8/2-8/13

  8. Cobalt Co #27 From Web Elements 8/2-8/13

  9. So Why isn’t all Iron Magnetic? • Usually, due to random effects, this electron spin alignment is limited to regions • This randomness leads to no net magnetic field Electrons in different directions 8/2-8/13

  10. How do we make it a magnet?Add an Electric Coil • Wire coils with electricity through them create a magnetic field which runs through the center • This tends to align the domains (of lined up electrons) in the same direction • The greater the current, the greater the magnetic field • Iron (or other ferromagnetic elements) tends to amplify the magnetic field 8/2-8/13

  11. Now it stays magnetic after we remove the wires • The electric field makes the domains line up • When you remove the coil, the domains tend to stay aligned • This property is called hysteresis 8/2-8/13

  12. Earth’s Magnetic Field 8/2-8/13

  13. Want To Learn More? • What Makes Earth a Magnetic Force? • Magnets and Electromagnets • Electricity and magnet playwiths • Magnetic Expressions • Ohio State’s Virtual Demo Lab (also scroll to end for list of other online simulation sites) 8/2-8/13

  14. Can We Apply What We Learned Yesterday?Class Activity • Battery Power • WHICH TILE CLEANER REMOVES SOAP SCUM THE BEST • The Science of Water • What Can Affect One’s Perception of Sound • Why does junior tennis have such a high injury rate? Judge these using the rubric provided 8/2-8/13

  15. More Fun • A Science Fair How Not to Guide • http://www.wcsscience.com/scienceexperiment/guide.html • Montykins • http://www.montykins.com/mkins/000620.html • Bogus Entries are Fair Game • http://www.gsdsef.org/pdfs/mar30Article01.pdf 8/2-8/13

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