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I. Slavery

I. Slavery. A. The Un-United States. After the Revolutionary War, the country was divided by a single issue: Slavery Post-war attitude toward slavery North: wanted free states (no longer needed slaves) South: Needed slaves (economy)

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I. Slavery

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  1. I. Slavery

  2. A. The Un-United States • After the Revolutionary War, the country was divided by a single issue: Slavery • Post-war attitude toward slavery • North: wanted free states (no longer needed slaves) • South: Needed slaves (economy) • North: Loved the group, but hated the individual • South: Hated the group, but loved the individual • Sectionalism develops within the country • Most slaves are brought from Africa and sold to the south by northerners • Most common port was NYC

  3. B. Slavery and the Constitution • Does the Constitution recognize slavery? • Does the Constitution protect slavery? • 3/5 Compromise • Settled a census dispute on how slaves were counted • Each slave would count as 3/5 of a person • Why was this such a big deal? • Commerce Compromise (international slave trade) • Congress would re-evaluate the IST in 20 years • IST outlawed in 1808 • Fugitive Slave Law • State government’s responsibility to return escaped slaves to their owners • Why was this not effective?

  4. Upper South: Soil Exhaustion (cotton, tobacco, food) Needed fewer slaves Older slaves were freed Laws were passed to protect the slaves and restrict emancipation Lower South: Sugar and Rice were mainly grown. Some cotton. Conditions were worse in the lower south (heat/work) Being “sold south” was very bad for a slave. Could be used as punishment or threat C. Plantations of the Upper & Lower South

  5. D. Plantation Heirarchy

  6. Invention of the Cotton Gin - 1793 Eli Whitney (CT) Before the Gin, only Long-staple cotton grown Needed wet areas on the coast (GA & SC) After the Gin, short staple cotton (lint) was grown Deseeding Before gin: 1 lb in 10 hours After gin: 1000 lbs in 10 hours Outlawing of the International slave trade Escalates the value of slaves Value of slaves 1810: $900 1860: $1500 Breeding instead of buying E. Two event that solidified slavery

  7. F. Evils of Slavery • Treated humans as animals • Slave auctions • No respect for family units • Children & Marriages • No political rights • No legal rights • Cruelty by masters and overseers • Adults treated as children • Intolerable working conditions • Intolerable living conditions • Morally wrong – (Lincoln and Republican Party)

  8. G. Defenses for Slavery • Better off in America than the jungles of Africa • Receive better care • Christianization • Civilized • Slaves don’t want to leave • Especially house workers • Biblical approval of slavery • Philemon • Slaves were biologically and mentally inferior

  9. H. Slave Codes • Illegal for slaves to learn to read and write • Illegal to attend church without a white person present • Must have a written pass to leave home • Restrictions on manumissions • Manumissions: granting a slave freedom for serving in the military • Enforced by Slave patrols

  10. I. Nat Turner • Learned to read and write & became very intelligent (was a slave preacher) • Believed he was a prophet for God against slavery • Had several visions that led to his revolt • After an eclipse & atmospheric disturbance, Turner rose up to fight • August 21, 1831: Turner & 6 men raided his master’s house and killed the family • Turner’s force grew to 40 slaves • In all 55 white people were killed

  11. 200 slaves were killed because of Turner’s revolt • Most had nothing to do with the revolt • Turner was captured on October 30 • He was tried & convicted on November 5 • November 11: Turner was hanged and skinned then put on public display

  12. J. The Underground RR • Led slaves to freedom from the south • Primarily the work of the Quakers • Levi Coffin was the unofficial President • Thomas Garrett • Ran through 14 states • 3,000 conductors rescued over 100,000 slaves • They followed the north star • What type of terrain would they use • Waterways were hard for dogs to track

  13. Freight Lines Stations Conductors Brakemen Slaves Routes Safe house Guides Safe house owners Railroad Vocabulary

  14. K. Harriet Tubman • Nicknamed “Moses” • Freed over 300 slaves including her parents • $40,000 offered for her capture • She carried a pistol to keep slaves moving • “You’ll be free, or you’ll die • During the war, she served as a nurse & spy

  15. L. Two Different Worlds: South • Purely agricultural • Cotton gin & southern expansion made slavery profitable • 5 ½ Million southerners • Only 26% owned slaves • 46,000 owned 20 or more • Less than 3000 owned 100 or more • 12 owned 500 or more (10 in the same district in MS) • Slave owners were the political and social power in the south • Owning slaves was the road to status and success • Southern American Dream

  16. Two different worlds: North • Immigration and technology make slavery obsolete • Immigrants become cheap labor • By 1820: only 3,000 slaves in the north • Textile mills ran on southern cotton • 140,000 factories employed 1 ½ million workers • Produced $2 billion worth of goods • Slavery goes from a political to a moral issue

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