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New World Settlers: Establishing Colonies and Religious Freedom in Early America

Explore the settlement of the Northern Colonies from 1619 to 1700, including the Protestant Reformation's impact on Puritanism, the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and conflicts with Native Americans. Learn about key figures like Roger Williams and events such as the Pequot War, King Philip's War, and the Glorious Revolution. Discover the development of Rhode Island as a haven for religious freedom and the challenges faced by early colonists in building their societies amidst political and religious turmoil.

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New World Settlers: Establishing Colonies and Religious Freedom in Early America

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  1. Chapter 3 Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619–1700

  2. I. The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism • 1517 Martin Luther-Protestant Reformation • 1530 King Henry VIII leaves Catholic Church • Puritans • Wanted ‘pure’ English Church. • Separatists • Wanted to break away from Ch. Of England.

  3. John Calvin

  4. King Henry VIII

  5. II. The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth • 1608 Separatists fled to Holland • 1620 Some Separatists (known as Pilgrims) sailed on the Mayflower to Plymouth Bay. • Mayflower Compact • An agreement to form a majority government. (usually)

  6. The Mayflower carried 102 ‘Pilgrims’

  7. Signing the Mayflower Compact

  8. Pilgrims @ Plymouth Rock(no historical evidence)

  9. Another traditional view

  10. Painting in the White House

  11. p42

  12. III. The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth • 1630 Puritans found Massachusetts Bay Colony • ~70,000 refugees leave England, Great Migration • Massachusetts Bay Colony • Largest and most influential colony. • Colonists believed they had a covenant with God to build a holy society.

  13. Map 3-1a p44

  14. Map 3-1b p44

  15. IV. Building the Bay Colony • Franchise for “freemen” • Men who belong to church • The Bay Colony was not a democracy • Taxes for the government-supported church

  16. V. Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth • Quakers were persecuted • Anne Hutchinson banished • Roger Williams was an extreme Separatist • Arrested, found guilty, fled to Rhode Island • Started Baptist church in Providence

  17. Hutchinson being drummed out of town

  18. Anne Hutchinson The Dissenter p45

  19. Roger Williams – Founder of Rhode Island

  20. VI. The Rhode Island “Sewer” • Complete freedom of religion • Even for Quakers, Jews and Catholics • Rhode Island - the most liberal colony Exercised simple manhood suffrage More freedom of opportunity Strongly individualistic & independent

  21. Massachusetts Bay Colony

  22. VII. New England Spreads Out • New England fertile farming area • Connecticut’s Fundamental Orders (1639) • Modern democratic constitution • Massachusetts Bay Colony expand • New Hampshire made a royal colony

  23. Map 3-2 p46

  24. VIII. Puritans Versus Indians • 1618-19 epidemickilled 3/4s of natives • Wampanoag Indians befriended the settlers • 1621 The first Thanksgiving was celebrated • 1637 Pequot War • Colonial victory • 1675-1676 King Philip’s War (First Indian War) • Colonial victory

  25. p47

  26. IX. Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence • New England Confederation (1643) • Primary aim was to defend against the Indians • Essentially an exclusive Puritan club • King Charles II more aggressive towards colonies • Connecticut charter changed • Rhode Island new charter OKs religious tolerance • Mass. Bay Colony charter was revoked

  27. Table 3-1 p48

  28. KINGJAMES IOF ENGLAND

  29. Charles I King Of England

  30. p49

  31. X. Andros Promotes the First American Revolution • England creates Dominion of New England • New England, New York, and East and West Jersey • Sir Edmund Andros headed the Dominion • Navigation Laws • Limited colonial trade

  32. Sir Edmund Andros p49

  33. Map 3-3 p49

  34. Most products could be bought/sold only to England

  35. X. Andros Promotes the First American Revolution • The Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution • Catholic James II overthrown • Protestant rulers William II and Mary II • The new monarchs inaugurated a period of “salutary neglect”

  36. King James II of England

  37. William and Mary

  38. XI. Old Netherlanders at New Netherland • The Netherlands - A colonial power • Dutch East India Company • New Netherland along Hudson River • Patroonships, feudal estates, were built • Bought Manhattan Island from the Indians • New Amsterdam (later New York City)

  39. A Woman, by Gerret Duyckinck Depicts a prosperous woman in colonial New York. An example of the local aristocracy know as the “Hudson River lords.” p51

  40. XII. Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors • Manhattan setters erected a protective wall • Wall Street • New Sweden claimed on the Delaware River • Attacked & taken over by the Dutch

  41. New Amsterdam

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