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Wireless and Mobile Networks

Wireless and Mobile Networks. Ch3: Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Technology. WPAN and Wireless Networks. WWAN (3G,4G?). WMAN (Wi-Max). Low throughput, Long range. WLAN (Wi-Fi). High throughput, short range. WPAN. Low throughput, short range. Scope of Various Standards.

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Wireless and Mobile Networks

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  1. Wireless and Mobile Networks Ch3: Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Technology

  2. WPAN and Wireless Networks WWAN (3G,4G?) WMAN (Wi-Max) Low throughput, Long range WLAN (Wi-Fi) High throughput, short range WPAN Low throughput, short range

  3. Scope of Various Standards Power consumption Mobility 802.16 801.11a HiperLAN 802.11g* 802.11b WMAN 802.11 WLAN 802.15.1 Bluetooth 802.15.4 WPAN Data rate Complexity

  4. Unlicensed Spectrum for Wireless Networks • ISM – Industrial, Scientific and Medical band • The only ISM band guaranteed to be available in every country is the one at 2.4 GHz • This corresponds to the exact resonance frequency of water • Free for anyone to use for almost any purpose • Employed by most wireless technologies, many cordless phones and Bluetooth

  5. WPAN Definition A WPAN (wireless personal area network) is a network for interconnecting devices cantered around an individual person's workspace - in which the connections are wireless. Typically, a wireless personal area network uses some technology that permits communication within about 10 meters - in other words, a very short range.

  6. WPAN Technologies • IrDA (Infrared) • Bluetooth • Zigbee • UWB (Ultra Wideband ) • RFID*

  7. IrDA • It is a popular way for handhelds to exchange data, typically range of 2 meters. • They are often used to manually exchange information using strictly a point-to-point connection (line-of-sight). • IrDA v1.0 transmits data at 115 kbps. • IrDA v1.1 transmits data at 4 Mbps.

  8. Bluetooth history • 2001: Bluetooth appears as cable replacement for mobile phone accessories, primarily headsets. • 2003: Bluetooth or WiFi? • Both technologies get their own application area • WiFi: wireless networks, IT • Bluetooth: wearable, personal equipment. • 2005: BT widely used for cable replacement in consumer electronics. PDA, mobile phones. • Synchronization and information transfer.

  9. Bluetooth Specification • Radio Frequency • The unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 to 2.48 GHz • Radio Range • 10 meters or up to 100 meters with an optional amplifier

  10. Network architectures • 1 Master – 1 Slave: Point-to-Point. Piconet • 1 Master – N Slaves: Point-to-Multipoint. Piconet • Maximum 7 active Slaves • Slave in 1 network, Master in another network: Scatternet

  11. WPAN Illustration

  12. Headset/Hands-free (Automotive Applications) Personal Computers (Notebook, Desktop, Tablet PC) Mobile Phones PDAs & Handheld Devices PC Accessories (PC Dognles, Printers, Serial Cable, Keyboard, Mouse) Consumer Devices Modems PAN Access Points Bluetooth Applications

  13. Bluetooth Applications • Keyboard, file transfer, handsfree (and headset), etc…

  14. In Motion

  15. At Home

  16. At Work

  17. At Play

  18. In-car navigation

  19. In Healthcare

  20. Mirror Type Bluetooth Handsfree Car Kit

  21. In Robots

  22. Bluetooth remote control

  23. Car Diagnostic Access Port

  24. Universal Bluetooth Helmet

  25. Magic Digital Camera II Can communicate with PMG(Personal Mobile Gateway)

  26. Handheld

  27. Bluetooth LAN Access Point

  28. Burton jacket by Motorola

  29. hands-free communication system

  30. Headset

  31. In Healthcare Activity Temperature Blood analysis EMG Coagulation Oxygen saturation Blood pressure Glucose Peak flow Heartbeats ECG Body weight

  32. ZigBee ZigBee is a standards-based wireless network technology that addresses remote monitoring and control applications. IEEE 802.15.4 was drawn up by IEEE working group to specify technical specification for the Physical and Data Link layers. ZigBee alliance defined the network, security and application layers above the 802.15.4 physical and medium access control layers, and dealt with the interoperability certification and testing.

  33. Features of ZigBee • Low data rates – throughput between 10 and 115.2 Kpbs • Low power consumption – several months up to 2 years on standard primary batteries • Network topology appropriate for multi-sensor monitoring and control applications • Low complexity for low cost and ease of use • Very high reliability and security • Maximum acceptable latencies vary from 10 ms for the PC peripherals to 100 ms to home automation

  34. ZigBee Applications • Embedded in consumer electronics • Home and building automation and security systems • Industrial controls • PC peripherals • Medical and industrial sensor applications • Toys and games and similar applications

  35. Comparison of Bluetooth and ZigBee

  36. Ultra Wideband (UWB) Specification • Extremely low transmission energy ( less than 1mW) • Very high bandwidth within short range (200Mbps within 10m) • Extremely difficult to intercept • Short pulse excitation generates wideband spectra –low energy densities • Low energy density also minimizes interference to other services • Multipath immunity (Protection)

  37. UWB

  38. UWB Applications Wireless Monitors Efficient transfer of data from digital Camcorders UWB/Wireless USB Dongle

  39. UWB Applications

  40. RFID • A tiny radio transmitter, often referred to as a: • RFID tag • Smart tag • Smart label • Radio barcode • Attach tag to object - item, asset, box or pallet • Reader interrogates the tag from a distance • Filter & use the data in an IT application • Co-exist with barcodes *Presentation adopted from RFID Centre

  41. RFID Component Parts • Tag or Transponder • Electronic chip that contains memory • Antenna • Substrate & packaging • (Battery) • Reader or Interrogator • Antenna • Electronics to read tag • IT Infrastructure • Network • Hardware and software

  42. Tag on Item, box or pallet Basic Operation 1. Tag enters RF field of Reader 2. RF signal powers Tag 3. Tag transmits ID, plus data 4. Reader captures data 5. Reader sends data to computer 6. Computer send data to reader 7. Reader transmits data to tag Antenna Computer Reader

  43. RFID Tags & Packaging

  44. Passive (no battery) Smaller, Lighter Shorter range (<3m) Smaller data storage Lower cost Data storage Read Only Write once Read/write Active (with battery) Larger, Heavier Longer range (up to 100m) Larger data storage Higher cost Intelligent Tags Monitor environment Monitor location Electronic purses Different Types of Tag

  45. RFID Readers

  46. RFID Common Frequencies Electromagnetic Spectrum Electric Radio Infra-red Visible Ultra- X-Rays Gamma Cosmic Waves Waves Light Violet Rays Rays Radio Spectrum 9kHz 30kHz 300kHz 3000kHz 30MHz 300MHz 3000MHz 30GHz 300GHz 3000GHz VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF Not designated Long Medium Short Wave Wave Wave VHF Very High Frequency VLF Very Low Frequency The “RFID” Frequencies UHF Ultra High Frequency LF Low Frequency SHF Super High Frequency MF Medium Frequency EHF Extremely High Frequency HF High Frequency 860-930MHz 2,45 and 5,8 GHz 125-134 kHz 13,56 Mhz

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