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LITERATURE IN MALAYSIAN SCHOOLS

This article explores the history and development of literature in Malaysian secondary schools, including early reading programs and the use of literary materials. It discusses the implementation of English Language Reading Programmes and the Class Reader Programme, as well as the literature component introduced in 1999. The article also provides an overview of the literature texts studied in different forms and the format of the SPM Literature in English Examination.

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LITERATURE IN MALAYSIAN SCHOOLS

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  1. LITERATURE IN MALAYSIAN SCHOOLS DR HUSNIAH SAHAMID FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAL STUDIES UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

  2. Literature in Malaysian Secondary Schools • History & Development - Early Reading Programmes - Literature • Texts, Exam Format

  3. Background Early independence: English • selection & use of texts : school 1976: medium of instruction Malay to English • Use of literature through English Language reading programmes • Literary materials for exposure to language

  4. READING PROGRAMME 1.English Language Reading Programme (ERLP) • 1979: Piloted - residential schools • 1983 : all secondary schools - Graded texts : learner abilities

  5. ERLP • Books in boxes: • primary vocabulary list • key grammar items • Target: - learners read 100 books in 3 years

  6. READING PROGRAMME 2. Class Reader Programme (CRP) 1990: • weaknesses in ERLP • Lacked structure to improve English 1993: • CRP implemented • Part of New Integrated Secondary School Curriculum (KBSM)

  7. CRP : Aims • expose learners to materials written in English • motivate learners to read: reading habit • increase language proficiency through teaching materials • can enrich & consolidate learning • generate interest in literature • Prepare for study of literature

  8. CRP Incorporated: • specially written texts • abridged forms of texts • Classification levels: - Elementary - Intermediate - Advanced

  9. CLRP • Ministry of Education (MOE) • Support for use • Preparation for Classroom Teaching files : - Teaching notes - Exercises - Activities NOTE : not examinable

  10. CLRP • Teachers lacked training • Use of literary materials • Little impact • Little/no improvement in English language standards

  11. LITERATURE COMPONENT • 1999 : MOE change in policy • Teaching of literature to all secondary students • Secondary English school syllabus

  12. Schedule of implementation 2000 • Forms 1 and 4 2001 • Form 2 and 5 2002 • Form 3

  13. Weightage • SRP Language exam - 20% of total marks • SPM language exam - 20% of total marks • Teaching: • ONE of five English period per week

  14. AIM: LIT COMPONENT • Enhance students proficiency • Contribute to personal development • & character building • Broaden outlook: other cultures, world views

  15. STUDENTS ENABLED: • Give personal response to texts • Awareness of how language is used • reflect, draw upon moral lessons • Understand , appreciate other cultures

  16. LITERATURE TEXTS 2011Form 1 Poems 1. The River -Valerie Bloom 2. Mr Nobody - author unknown Short Stories 1. Flipping Fantastic -Jane Langford

  17. Form 2: Poems 1. I wonder - Jeannie Kirby 2. Heir Conditioning - M. ShanmughalingamShort Stories 1. One is One and All Alone - Nicholas Fisk Play 1. Rumpelstiltskin -Angela Lanyon

  18. Form 3: Poems 1. A Fighter's Line- Marzuki Ali 2. Leisure - Willian Henry Davies

  19. Form 4: Poems 1. In the Midst of Hardship -LatiffMohidin  (The Malay version is found in this blog)2. He Had such Quiet Eyes -BibsySoenharjoShort Stories 1. QWERTYUIOP -Vivian Alcock2. The Fruitcake Special -Frank Brennan Play 1. Gulp and Gasp- John Townsend

  20. Form 5: Poems 1. Nature -H.D. Carberry 2. Are you Still Playing Your Flute -Zurinah Hassan

  21. Form 5 Novels for 2011 : ExamplesPahang,Terengganu, Johor,Sabah,Sarawak and Labuan The Curse by Lee Su Ann Step by Wicked Step by Anne Fine

  22. Perlis,Kelantan,Kedah, Penang and Perak schools)

  23. LITERATURE AS AN ELECTIVE • 1998 : MOE • Elective subject - F4 & F5 • Literature in English – SPM • Texts in Cycles: • First Cycle, Second Cycle etc.

  24. Expose Learners to • variety of texts types, language forms, conventions of written mode • Respond creatively & critically • Gain insight: varied experiences of life : conflicts, crises, relationships • Relate & appreciate environment

  25. National Philosophy • Developing individuals • who are intellectually, spiritually and physically enriched

  26. SPM Literature in English Examination Format Candidate asked to choose : • one question from each component: • A, B, C and D

  27. Short Stories Section A: • 6 texts to be studied. • Only 4 short stories selected for testing each year. • Each short story tested individually. • Candidate required to answer ONE of four questions.

  28. Novel • Section B: • 3 texts to be studied. • All 3 novels will selected for testing each year. • Each novel tested individually. • Candidate required to answer ONE of three questions.

  29. Play/Drama Section C: • 3 texts to be studied. • All 3 plays selected for testing each year. • Each play tested individually. • Candidate required to answer ONE of three questions

  30. Themes • Section D: • 3 themes to be studied. • All 3 themes selected for testing each year. • Each theme tested individually. • Candidate required to answer ONE of three questions.

  31. Extra Response (s) • Candidates allowed to answer two or more questions from each component. • Examiner will choose highest marks the candidate has attained for ONE question.

  32. KESUSASTERAAN DALAM BAHASA INGGERIS SENARAI KARYA BAGI PEPERIKSAAN SPM TAHUN 2008, 2009, DAN 2010

  33. Novel and Drama • Novel • Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury) • Fasting, Feasting (Anita Desai) • Holes (Louis Sachar) • Drama • Julius Caesar (William Shakespeare) • The Lion and the Jewel (Wole Soyinka) • An Inspector Calls (J.B. Priestly)

  34. Short Story • Naukar (Anya Sitaram) • Cinderella Girl (Vivien Alcoc) • The Landlady (Roald Dahl) • A Common Story (Kassim Ahmad) • Neighbours (Robert Raymer) • Harrison Bergeren (Kurt Vonnegut Jr. )

  35. Poetry Theme: Relationships • Tonight I Can Write (Pablo Neruda) • Ways of Love (Chung Yee Chong) • A Prayer for My Daughter (Yeats) • The Way Things Are (Roger McGough) • For My Old Amah (Wong Phui Nam) • How Do I Love Thee? (Elizabeth Barret Browning)

  36. Poetry Theme: Perceptions of Self • Birches (Robert Frost) • I Am (John Clare) • This Is A Photograph of Me (Margaret Atwood) • Waiting to Go On (Hugo Williams) • Daring Tears (Craig Romkema) • The Traveller (Muhammad hjSalleh)

  37. Poetry Theme: Conflicts • Dulce et Decorum Est (Wilfred Owe) • The Man He Killed (Thomas Hardy) • Death of A Rainforest (Cecil Rajendra) • The War Against Trees (Stanley Kunitz) • A Quarrel Between Day and Night (Omar MohdNoor) • "Crabbed age and youth cannot live together ‘’ (Shakespeare)

  38. EDUCATIONAL EMPHASES • Thinking skills • Critical & thinking

  39. ICT Skills • ICT skills & knowledge • Multimedia rresources • Meaningful connections with • New information & existing knowledge

  40. Preparation for the Real World • Meet challenges • Language used in society • Contributing member to society

  41. Learning how to learn • Responsibility for own learning • Study skills • Informational skills • Independent life long learners

  42. Knowledge acquisition • Explore • & develop knowledge

  43. Values & Citizenship • Array of values & citizenship • Incorporated in learning outcomes • Develop learners - respect for cultural diversity - common values - tolerance - patritism

  44. Multiple Intelligence • Adress • various intelligences

  45. END OF NOTES

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