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Cell Transport Mechanisms: Essentials and Functions

Explore active transport mechanisms in cells, including movement across membranes and energy expenditure. Learn about cell membrane pumps and the sodium-potassium pump, crucial for cell functioning. Discover endocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and exocytosis processes in cellular transport.

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Cell Transport Mechanisms: Essentials and Functions

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  1. Chapter 5 Section 5.2 Active Transport

  2. Active Transport • Movement of materials across a cell membrane that requires a cell to expend energy • Materials move UP their concentration gradient

  3. Cell Membrane Pumps • Moves substances up their concentration gradient • Moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

  4. Sodium-Potassium Pump • A special protein that transports Na+ ions and K+ up their concentration gradients

  5. To function properly, many animal cells must have a higher concentration of Na+ ions outside the cell and a higher concentration of K+ ions inside the cell

  6. Endocytosis • Cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles (including other cells) • Part of the cell forms a pouch around the material then pinches off to form a vesicle

  7. Pinocytosis & Phagocytosis • Pinocytosis involves the transport of solutes or fluids • Phagocytosis involves the movement of large particles or whole cells

  8. Exocytosis • Vesicles in the cytoplasm fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents out of the cell

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