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Architecting Earth Science Observation Systems for the Next Decade

Architecting Earth Science Observation Systems for the Next Decade. Kathryn K. Trase The Ohio State University, Fourth Year NASA LERCIP Intern Earth Systematic Missions Architecture Project Mentor: Dr. Kul B. Bhasin August 6, 2009. Overview. What is Systems Engineering?

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Architecting Earth Science Observation Systems for the Next Decade

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  1. Architecting Earth Science Observation Systems for the Next Decade Kathryn K. Trase The Ohio State University, Fourth Year NASA LERCIP Intern Earth Systematic Missions Architecture Project Mentor: Dr. Kul B. Bhasin August 6, 2009

  2. Overview • What is Systems Engineering? • Earth Science Missions • Decadal Survey • Overview of Missions to be studied • Using Systems Engineering tools to develop Earth Science mission architectures • The Future of Earth Science Missions

  3. What is a System? “A construct or collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by the elements alone.” -NASA Systems Engineering Handbook NASA/SP 2007-6105

  4. What is a System? People Software Policies Documents Hardware Facilities

  5. What is Systems Engineering? “Systems engineering is a methodical, disciplined approach for the design, realization, technical management, operations and retirement of a system.” -NASA Systems Engineering Handbook NASA/SP 2007-6105

  6. Why does NASA need Systems Engineers? Domain of the Systems Engineer! • Our systems are inherently complex • Stakeholders • Objectives • Constraints • Complex systems can produce results that can’t be anticipated! • Relative cost of correcting an error increases over time Somebody needs to see and understand the global view!

  7. Earth Science: A Global View • Nature and human-induced changes in Earth’s land, atmosphere and oceans affect all aspects of life • Need for integrated, holistic study of planet • Aid forecasting models • Informed decision making • Best view of “everything” from space! • Decadal Survey, 2007

  8. GEO-CAPE HyspIRI ASCENDS DESDynI SWOT ICESat-II ACE SMAP LIST CLARREO PATH GRACE-II SCLP LEO GEO GACM 3D-Winds

  9. Decadal Survey Mission Status • AA Concept Studies Pre-Phase A Concept & Tech. Development Phase A Preliminary Design & Tech. Completion Phase B Fabri-cation Phase C MCR SRR MDR KDP B KDP C KDP A PDR ASCENDS 2009/2010 Phase III Missions ICESat-II 2/2009 SWOT 8/2009 DESDynI 10/2009 CLARREO 12/2009 HyspIRI 12/2009 SMAP 7/2009 ACE 10/2009 GEO-CAPE 6/2010

  10. Developing 15 Missions is a BIG Undertaking! • It is expensive to continue to produce “single use” satellites • 15 busses, power systems, payloads, communications systems, etc. • Risks associated with launch make failure costly • NASA must develop “system-of-systems” mission architectures • Take advantage of synergies between missions • Seek to maximize cost-effectiveness of missions NASA’s A-Train constellation is an example of the beginnings of a “system-of-systems” architecture. The formation flying satellites take earth science measurements over a short time period. This lends us increased understanding of the roles natural phenomena play.

  11. Using Systems Engineering Tools to Develop Synergistic Earth Science Missions • Goal: Architect missions to… • Reduce overall costs • Reduce spacecraft weight • Optimize instruments and data systems • Create more useful data • Take complimentary measurements at the same time • Lengthen mission lifetimes • Method: Systems Engineering processes

  12. Mission development requires vast amounts of research • Managing and presenting that information for use is crucial eRoom MindMapper

  13. eRoom: Managing Information and Facilitating Collaboration • “One-stop” resource that the team can access, contribute to, and communicate through • Can develop or compile: • Relevant research and papers • Upload and manage team data products. • Databases to maintain documentation, and later requirements or instrument data.

  14. I am currently conducting the technology infusion study • Answering the questions: • What can we already do? • What are we trying to do? • What do we need to do? • Must match technologies with the needs of the missions • Use the Decadal Survey mindmap to pair Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) technologies with a technology readiness level (TRL) greater than or equal to 6.

  15. Using information gathered in the Knowledge Discovery period and Technology Infusion study, architect to: • Maximize mission efficiency • Minimize costs and risk • Emphasize synergies • Tools at this stage may include Satellite Tool Kit or other modeling software • Iterative process

  16. Future Architectures: Fractionated Satellites

  17. Sensor Webs: Integrating Space and In-situ Measurements

  18. Fractionated Satellites and Sensor Webs: Future Network Architectures • Enable “plug-and-play” networking • Seamless interfacing with pre-existing power and communication networks • System flexibility allows virtually any configuration • The “App Era” • Click and drag for new connections • Spacebook? • MySpace?

  19. Next Steps • Continue Technology Infusion Study • Make a second pass, at greater detail • Begin piecing together mission requirements • Develop high-level mission architectures • Explore constellation flying and management possibilities • Conceptual exploration of Fractionated and sensor web architectures

  20. Thank You! My Mentor, Dr. Kul B. Bhasin Earth Science team member, Hui Gao Members of the SNAP-LE team who provided support along the way

  21. Questions?

  22. References • GRACE Gravity Models: http://www.csr.utexas.edu/grace/gallery/gravity/ • Rube Goldberg: http://www.theprometheusinstitute.org/images/stories/rube.png • Expedia: http://www.expedia.com/ • Cell Phone parts: http://i.i.com.com/cnwk.1d/i/tim/20080806/210682_540x381.jpg • IRS Logo: http://www.unr.edu/oiss/images/logos/IRS.jpg • GPS Network: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_hDUNFjhnMvo/SWjgjy9tNnI/AAAAAAAAAlo/6uRpDhEbRUs/s400/GPS+Satellite.jpg • Shuttle: http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/multimedia/photos/sts-79/79p-065.jpg • Flight Control: http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/371592main_jsc2009e145586_hires.jpg • Hardware: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_MLASresidents.html • Software: http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/5-8/features/F_Federation_of_Earth_Science_Partners.html • Facilities, Plum Brook: http://photos.upi.com/slideshow/lbox/701f142c7df396d4722aacab56fc5594/NASA-Space-Power-Facility.jpg • Cost of error: http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Engineering-Systems-Division/ESD-33Summer2004/31135C49-BAB5-4160-AF74-7B9C3830903D/0/s10_dsgn_xprntv5.pdf • Toy Shuttle: http://z.about.com/d/space/1/0/h/E/1/Space_Mission_Space_Shuttle_7-Piece_Set.jpg • A-Train: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cloudsat/multimedia/a-train.html • Ship: http://ginacobb.typepad.com/gina_cobb/images/2008/05/17/uss_mount_whitney.jpg • Buoy: http://www.sealite.com.au/images/news/191_img1.jpg • Plane: http://www.faqs.org/photo-dict/photofiles/list/8/13airplane.jpg • Weather Balloon: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/igra/images/balloon.gif

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