Fangyu Li Chongqing University, Chongqing, China;

1. Detection systems for cosmologicalhigh-frequency gravitational waves based on high-magnetic field and measurement of weak photon flux Fangyu Li Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science; Hefei,China; Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China; 后希格斯与普郎克粒子物理与宇宙学国际研讨会 （重庆邮电大学，2013年9月）

2. 研究团队 高频引力波探测

3. Outline • Background and Motivation • Detection systems for cosmological high-frequency gravitational waves • Challenge and Opportunity

4. Kip Thorne High-frequency gravitational waves is defined as the GWs having frequencies in excess of 100kHz. (Cambridge university press, Cambridge, 98, 1979) L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifishitz Since it has definite energy, the gravitational waves is itself the source of some additional gravitational field… its field is a second-order effect… but in the case of high-frequency gravitational waves the effect is significantly strengthened…. (the Classical Theory of Fields, on page 372, 1975)

5. By Prof. Ni Wei-Tou

6. 引力波频谱 我们的目标：在高频段（109 Hz to 1012 Hz）实现引力波的直接探测！ 10-20 10-15 10-10 10-5 100 105 1015 Frequency, Hz [1] B. P. Abbott et al., Nature (London) 460, 990 (2009)； [2] M. Gasperini and G. Veneziano, Phys. Rep. 373, 1 (2003) [3] M. Giovannini, Phys. Rev. D 60, 123511 (1999)； [4] M. Giovannini, Class. Quantum Grav. 26, 045004 (2009) [5] F. Y. Li, et al., Phys. Rev. D 67, 104008 (2003). [6] J. Li, et al., Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 43, 2209 (2011). 6

7. [1] C. Clarkson and S. S. Seahra, Class. Quantum Grav. 24, F33 (2007). [2] S. S. Seahra, C. Clarkson, and R. Maartens, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 121302 (2005). [3] A. M. Cruise, Class. Quantum Grav. 17, 2525 (2000). [4] R. Ballantini et al., arXiv:gr-qc/0502054 (2005). [5] A. Nishizawa et al., Phys. Rev. D 77, 022002 (2008). [6] F. Y. Li and and R. M. L. Baker, Jr., Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 21, 3274 (2007) 7

8. Some possible HFGW sources

9. h ~ 10-16 to 10-20 ~108 Hz Birmingham University, Birmingham, England

10. Coupling system of superconducting microwave cavities h ~ 10-22 to 10-23 ~108 Hz

13. 依托与本项目的参与单位中科院强磁场科学中心，该中心承担了“十一五”国家大科学工程“稳态强磁场实验装置”项目。依托与本项目的参与单位中科院强磁场科学中心，该中心承担了“十一五”国家大科学工程“稳态强磁场实验装置”项目。 The High Magnetic Field Laboratory has the ability to construct a high superconducting magnet of 45 Tesla.

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15. A group of our team has the weak photon flux detector with high sensitivity in level of single photon detection. 无液氦稀释制冷机系统（基础温度达到10mK） 单光子探测与操纵实验系统

16. where , F.Y.Li et al., Phys.Rev.D 67, 104008(2003); F.Y.Li et al., Phys.Rev.D, 80, 064013(2009): 16

17. Because the PPFs and the BPFs in the local regions have very different physical behaviors (distribution, propagation direction, decay rate, polarization, wave impedance, etc), it would provide a novel way distinguishing the PPFs and the BPFs. 17

18. F.Y.Li, R.M.L. Baker, Z.Y.Fang, G.V.Stephenson and Z.Y.Chen, Euro.Phys.J.C 56, 407 (2008) 18

19. R.R.Caldwell et al., Phys.Rev.D 59,27101(1999) L.Krauss et al., Science 328, 989 (2010) F.Y.Li et al., Phys.Rev.D 67, 104008(2003) 19

20. Challenge Noise: Background photon noise, thermal noise, shot noise, Johnson noise, preamplifier noise, quantization noise, mechanical noise etc. Diffraction Dispersion Generation of high-quality GB Optimization combination of system and so on

21. Opportunity • Because of fast development of relative technology, they provide wide improvement room. These new technology and harvest include ultra-high sensitivity microwave photon detectors, generation of super strong static magnetic fields, superconductors, nanotechnology, high-quality factor microwave cavities, cryogenic technology, strong microwave beam technology, high-energy laboratory astrophysics,etc. • They offered technically possibilities • This subject might become a reality!

22. Observation frequencies will be from very broad range (10-17 Hz to 1014 Hz)

23. Thank you ！