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Overview of the Aflatoxin Challenge (i.e. Aflatoxin 101) Abt Associates, Inc. December 3, 2012

Overview of the Aflatoxin Challenge (i.e. Aflatoxin 101) Abt Associates, Inc. December 3, 2012. Aflatoxin is a secondary metabolite from two Aspergillus strains. Contamination is worse during dry periods. During droughts the zone containing contaminated crops enlarges.

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Overview of the Aflatoxin Challenge (i.e. Aflatoxin 101) Abt Associates, Inc. December 3, 2012

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  1. Overview of the Aflatoxin Challenge (i.e. Aflatoxin 101) Abt Associates, Inc. December 3, 2012

  2. Aflatoxin is a secondary metabolite from two Aspergillus strains

  3. Contamination is worse during dry periods. During droughts the zone containing contaminated crops enlarges. Aflatoxin contamination is a perennial concern in warm climates 35°N 35°S Zone with PerennialContamination Risk Source: Peter J. Cotty, USDA/ARS

  4. Aflatoxin affects many crops CIMMYT, 1997 Cereals: maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, rice Oilseeds: peanuts, cotton seed, other nuts Some spices Some vegetables

  5. Phase I: Before Maturity Developing crops become infected Associated with crop damage (insect, bird, stress). Crop may exhibit BGYF (bright-green-yellow fluorescence). Favored by high temperature (night) and dry conditions. PhaseII: After Maturity Level increases in mature crop. May occur before or after harvest. Seed is vulnerable ‘til consumed. Associated with high humidity in the field, improper crop storage or transportation. Rain on the mature crop increases contamination. Aflatoxin Contamination of Crops Occurs in Two Phases Source: Peter J. Cotty, USDA/ARS

  6. = less than 2,500 ppb = 2,500 to 15,000 ppb = over 15,000 ppb = infected and no toxin Aflatoxin prevalence can vary even within a single ear of corn Lee, et al., 1980. Cereal Chemistry 57:340-343. Source: Peter J. Cotty, USDA/ARS

  7. Aflatoxins are a significant health problem in developing countries AFT exposure causes a significant health burden in Africa and East Asia especially A number of health effects can occur, that are often interacting with other disease factors (e.g. infection, malnutrition) Outbreaks of acute aflatoxicosis have been reported in some countries, with documented fatalities in Kenya 25,200-155,000aflatoxin-induced liver cancer cases globally each year, of which 40% are estimated to be within Africa Aflatoxin is believed to have synergistic interactions with Hepatitis B Immunosuppression may mean raise susceptibility to Tuberculosis, Malaria, perhaps other or communicable disease Childhood stunting is suspected

  8. Ideally uses can be found/permitted for differfent levels of contamination

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