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Challenger expedition 1872-1876

Challenger expedition 1872-1876. Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford. Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Friday Harbor Labs, Washington. Submersibles. R/V FLIP , floating instrument platform. Scientific Method. What? Why? How?.

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Challenger expedition 1872-1876

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  1. Challenger expedition 1872-1876

  2. Woods Hole, Massachusetts Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford Scripps Institute of Oceanography Friday Harbor Labs, Washington

  3. Submersibles

  4. R/V FLIP, floating instrument platform

  5. Scientific Method • What? • Why? • How?

  6. Inductive approach: from specific observations to the general Deductive approach: use general principles in predicting specific outcomes

  7. Ocean Basin Geography

  8. Interconnected World Ocean system

  9. How did we get these ocean basins? • Continental drift • all the continents had once been joined in a single ‘supercontinent’ called Pangaea • Plate tectonics • Sea floor spreading

  10. Mid Ocean Ridge • Continuous chain of submarine volcanic mountains encircling the globe • Largest geological feature on earth • Is not static; slips and slides

  11. As ridges separate, molten mantle rises up through rift Sea floor spreading

  12. Moving plates

  13. Creates trenches or subduction zones Earthquakes & volcanos Less dense continental crust floats on top; lasts forever Form volcanic islands Collisions

  14. Kilauea, Hawai’i

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