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Stuck Pipe Prevention Prentice Hill, LLC

Differential Sticking Causes. High Differential PressuresExcessive Mud WeightDrawn Down FormationsPoor Well PlanningWell Bore ContactPoor Filter CakeLittle or No Pipe Motion. Solids Induced Pack-off. Formation Loose w/ Little or No Bonding Insufficient Hydrostatic to Hold Back Formation. UN

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Stuck Pipe Prevention Prentice Hill, LLC

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    1. Stuck Pipe Prevention Prentice & Hill, LLC

    2. Differential Sticking Causes High Differential Pressures Excessive Mud Weight Drawn Down Formations Poor Well Planning Well Bore Contact Poor Filter Cake Little or No Pipe Motion

    3. Solids Induced Pack-off Formation Loose w/ Little or No Bonding Insufficient Hydrostatic to Hold Back Formation

    4. Pack-off Due to Unconsolidated Formations Prevention Gel up Mud / Run Hi Vis Sweeps Control Drill Spot Gel Pill Prior to TOH

    5. Solids Induced Pack-off Increase Mud Weight, if possible Use Under-saturated Water Base Mud Pump Fresh Water Sweeps Design Casing to Handle Collapse Loads

    6. Solids Induced Pack-off Causes Control Drill & Ream Connections Anticipate Reaming on Trips

    7. Solids Induced Pack-off Causes Raise Mud Weight, if possible Set Casing Appropriately

    8. Solids Induced Pack-off Causes Use Inhibited Mud System Minimize Exposure Time Be Prepared for “Gumbo Attack”

    9. Solids Induced Pack-off Causes Increase Annular Velocities Better Mud Properties Subject of another section

    10. Mechanical / Wellbore Geometry Sticking Causes KEYSEATING Minimize Dog Leg Severity Case Off Curves Soon After Building Use Keyseat Wiper Make Frequent Wiper Trips Back Ream Out of Hole

    11. Mechanical / Wellbore Geometry Sticking Causes UNDERGAUGE HOLE Always Gauge Bit & Stabilizers IN and OUT Run Gauge Protected Bits & Stabilizers Ream Suspected Undergauge Sections

    12. Mechanical / Wellbore Geometry Sticking Causes LEDGES & DOGLEGS Run Packed Hole Assemblies Ream on Trips Through Problem Zones

    13. Mechanical / Wellbore Geometry Sticking Causes SHOE JOINT BACKS OFF Do Not Overdisplace Cement Thread Lock Bottom 3 Joints of Casing Drill Out Carefully

    14. Mechanical / Wellbore Geometry Sticking Causes JUNK Good Housekeeping on Rig Floor Keep Hole Covered Inspect Equipment Frequently

    15. Mechanical / Wellbore Geometry Sticking Causes CEMENT BLOCKS Set All Casing As Close To TD As Possible Ream Casing Shoe & Open Hole Plugs Before Drilling Ahead

    16. Mechanical / Wellbore Geometry Sticking Causes GREEN CEMENT Wash Down Carefully to “Top of Cement” Pre-Treat Mud Before Drilling Green Cement

    17. Mechanical / Wellbore Geometry Sticking Causes LINER & SQUEEZE CEMENTING Hazards in Liner Cementing Too Much Excess Overdisplacement Squeeze Cementing Hold Pressure on Back Side, If Possible Use Cement Retainers DO NOT Cement Up a Squeeze Packer (RTTS)

    18. Trend Analysis Plot Property -vs- Depth or Time and Analyze Drag on each Connection Torque -vs- Depth PWD -vs- Time Soap Box

    19. Pressure While Drilling

    20. Pressure While Drilling

    21. Pressure While Drilling

    22. Drag on Trip

    23. Recovery

    24. Identifying the Problem: “Why are we stuck?” Stuck Pipe Handbook Flowcharts

    25. Problem Diagnosis Computer Intelligent System on Network at Cambridge Facility Charts in Front of Sedco Forex Handbook

    26. Solving the Problem: “What do we do now?” First Actions

    27. Solids Induced Stuck Pipe Stop pumps & bleed pressure to 500 psi Hold pressure & cycle drill string up to MUT with no up/down movement Try pumping if pressure bleeds off Begin working pipe up/down - max 50K overpull

    28. Solids Induced Stuck Pipe Do not commence jarring Increase standpipe pressure to 1500 psi Work pipe Commence secondary procedures

    29. Differential Sticking Circulate at maximum allowable rate Set compression w/ 50% MUT Pull tension w/ 50% MUT Secondary Procedures

    30. Mechanical Sticking Maintain circulation Jar in opposite direction of last movement Light loads (50K) w/ systematic increases Secondary procedures

    31. Locating the Problem: “Where are we stuck? Pipe Stretch Measurements

    32. Pipe Stretch Equation

    33. Locating the Problem: “Where are we stuck? Pipe Stretch Measurements “Free Point” Tool Review Stuck Pipe Handbook Procedures

    35. Solids Induced Stuck Pipe Jarring Back off and wash over

    36. Differential Sticking Attack Filter Cake -- Spotting Fluid Spot within 4 hrs of sticking Omit after 16 hrs Rule of Thumb - Soak minimum 20 hrs and a maximum 40 hrs

    37. Pipe Releasing Agents Spotting Fluids Pump “shear thinning” spacer Viscosity: 100 rpm value > drilling mud 50 to 100 bbl spacer Calculate volume of PRA - Example Spot at highest allowable pump rate Work pipe (up/down, torque) while soaking

    38. Differential Sticking Reduce Hydrostatic Cut Mud Weight “U Tube” - Kick it free Caution - Well May Come In Back Off and Wash Over

    39. Mechanical Sticking Jar in opposite direction of last pipe movement Back Off and Wash Over

    40. Acid Pills Calcium Formations, Strip Filter Cake Typically 7.5% to 15% HCl Cover stuck zone Pump acid quickly to bit Large water spacers Work pipe while soaking Circulate out after 5 minutes

    41. Fresh Water Pills Mobile Salt Cover stuck zone plus 20 bbl inside drill string OBM - Viscous weighted spacer Maintain overpull while soaking Repeat after 2 hrs

    42. Drilling Jars - Benefits Jar stuck pipe immediately Minimize fishing / sidetrack potential Minimize surface loads (safety) Something to do while waiting on tools

    43. Mechanical Jars Most basic type of jar Sliding sleeve inside shoulder sleeve Holding mechanism locks hammer Overpull stretches drill string Sudden release when holding mechanism is overcome

    44. Mechanical Jars - Advantages Remain locked until loaded More freedom of placement in string No special tripping procedures Do not jar unexpectedly Short jar cycle Cost Availability

    45. Mechanical Jars - Disadvantages Load may not be varied Jarring immediate once load is reached Large shock to hoisting equipment Rig may not pull over holding force Difficult to load in deviated wellbores

    46. Hydraulic Jars Oil reservoir w/ orifice & bypass valve Oil bleeds slowly until piston reaches bypass valve Hydraulic delay

    47. Hydraulic Jars - Advantages Allows time to set drilling brake No torque needed to operate Torque does not affect load Varied impact force Use in deviated holes

    48. Hydraulic Jars - Disadvantages May jar unexpectedly Tripping more time consuming Longer jar cycle More expensive Availability

    49. Reasons Jars Fail to Fire Incorrect weight - calculation incorrect Pump open force exceeds compression force Stuck above jar Jar mechanism failed Jar not cocked Drag too high to load jar

    50. Reasons Jars Fail to Fire (cont.) Jar firing not felt at surface Torque trapped in mechanical jar No patience

    51. Accelerators - Functions Compensate for short string Compensate for hole drag slowing contraction Act as a reflector to jar shock wave Intensify jar blow

    52. Jar / Accelerator Placement Considerations Sticking point Jar direction required Differential risk Neutral point of tension / compression Buckling point Drag in the hole section Depth of hole section

    53. Placement - Vertical Holes Above buckling point at maximum WOB Two DC’s above jars No stabilizers above jars Accelerators needed in shallow hole sections

    54. Placement - Deviated Holes Do not run jars buckled Avoid tension / compression neutral point Calculate measured weight reading required Account for hole drag

    55. Jar Placement Programs Do not typically account for buckling Accurately calculate and account for pump open forces Maximize jar impact at stuck point Example - Griffith Oil Tools

    56. Fishing - Overshots Catches OD of fish Right hand torque operated Always run a bumper sub Circulating sub Basket grapple More sturdy, Easier to release Spiral grapple Stronger hold, Use in slim hole Wall hooks

    57. Fishing - Spears Catches ID of pipe Consider stop ring Risk back off of wash pipe Rope spears

    58. Fishing - Taps Use when overshot or spear cannot be used Taper Tap - Screws inside fish Box Tap - Screws over fish Cannot be released & subject to breakage String shot cannot be run through taper tap Excessive torque will split box tap

    59. Fishing - Junk Magnets Junk Baskets “Confusion Blocks” Mills Pilot, Tapered, Concave, Flat-Bottom, Section, Fluted, Watermelon

    60. Fishing - Milling Pilot Tapered Concave Flat-Bottom Section Fluted Watermelon

    61. Washover Operations Run minimum size required - Ľ” clearance inside, ˝" clearance outside Maximum length 600' drill pipe, 300' BHA Conditioning trip Easy to differentially stick Run jars in deeper hole sections Steady feed when cutting formation “Jerky” feed when going over tool joints

    62. Washover Shoes Short tooth mills (mill tooth) for medium to hard formations Long tooth mills for soft formations Cut faster Hang easier Harder to get over top of fish Flat bottom for stabilizers, reamers, tool joints, etc.

    63. Solving the Problem: “What do we do now?” THE OTHER OPTION: S I D E T R A C K Free Point and Back Off as Deep as Possible Go Around the Fish

    64. What Do We Do Now? Sidetrack or Fish? It’s Purely a Matter of Economics Sidetrack is a good choice when: Fish Inexpensive or Recovery Unlikely Hole is Cheap (read Fast) to Drill Soft Formation - Easy to Kick Off Spread Rate (Total Daily Cost) is HIGH

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