A Paris-Edinburgh Cell for Studying Structure and Properties of Liquid Materials

1. A Paris-Edinburgh Cell for Studying Structure and Propertiesof Liquid Materials Yoshio Kono, Changyong Park, Curtis Kenney-Benson, GuoyinShen, Yanbin Wang

2. Techniques for studying structure and properties of liquid at 16-BM-B • PE cell High-PT experiment with up to 2 mm large volume sample Resistive heating for stable experiment for molten sample • Multi-angle energy dispersive x-ray diffraction Structure of liquids • White x-ray radiography Sample length measurement Falling sphere viscosity measurement • Ultrasonic measurement Elastic wave velocities

3. A standard PE cell assembly The standard cell assembly is available for users’ experiments. 2mm Kono et al., under review

4. Liquid structure measurement Reducing background signals by using white x-ray with collimation tip Kono et al., under review

5. Ultrasonic measurement Kono et al. (2012), RSI, 83, 033905

6. Sample length measurement by white x-ray radiography • Elastic wave velocity =Sample length/travel time Kono et al. (2012), RSI, 83, 033905

7. Falling sphere viscosity measurement using high-speed camera • High-speed camera (up to 10,000 fps,100 µs exposure time) was installed to precisely determine viscosity of low-viscosity materials. 20 times slow play

8. Falling of Pt sphere in liquid NaClat 2.9 GPa and 1350 ˚C Kono et al. (2013), PRB, 87, 024302

9. Summary of techniques using PE cell • PE cell enable us to compress large volume sample to high pressure and to stably heat sample above its melting temperature by resistive heating. • Multi-angle energy dispersive x-ray diffraction provides liquid structure. • Elastic wave velocity can be determined by a combination of ultrasonic technique with x-ray radiography measurement. • High-speed white x-ray radiography enables us to determine viscosities of low viscosity materials.

10. Strength 1: Simultaneous structure and properties measurement • Simultaneous operation capability of liquid structure measurement combined with the elastic wave velocity or viscosity measurement provides unique opportunity to investigate in situ correlation between the microscopic structure and macroscopic properties of liquids and amorphous solids.

11. Structure and elastic wave velocity correlation in SiO2 glass Intermediate range order structure Elastic wave velocity Kono et al. (2012), RSI, 83, 033905

12. Strength 2: High-speed x-ray radiography at high pressures • White x-ray radiography measurement at high-pressures using high-speed camera (up to 10,000 fps, 100 µs exposure time). • High-speed white x-ray radiography setup plays important role to study dynamics of liquid at high pressures.

13. Advantage of the high-speed camera on viscosity measurement Determined using only 2-3 frames

14. Viscosity anomaly in liquid KCl and its correlation with structure r1: cation-anion distance r2: cation-cation or anion-anion distance Kono et al. (2013), PRB, 87, 024302

15. Near future plans • Stability of the simultaneous structure and property measurements. • Development of liquid density measurement. • PE cell workshop and hands-on training at May 23-24 for extending PE cell to broader high-pressure community.

16. Summary • Paris-Edinburgh cell combined with • Liquid structure • Elastic wave velocity • Viscosity • Density (in future) measurements plays important role for comprehensive study of liquids at high pressures and high temperatures.