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Origins of the Civil Rights Movement

Origins of the Civil Rights Movement. “A man who won't die for something is not fit to live .” --Martin Luther King Jr. Jim Crow Laws in the US. State laws enacted between 1876-1965 Characteristics of life u nder Jim Crow: Racial Segregation Disenfranchisement Exploitation

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Origins of the Civil Rights Movement

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  1. Origins of the Civil Rights Movement “A man who won't die for something is not fit to live.”--Martin Luther King Jr.

  2. Jim Crow Laws in the US • State laws enacted between 1876-1965 Characteristics of life under Jim Crow: • Racial Segregation • Disenfranchisement • Exploitation • Violence

  3. Racial Segregation • Jim Crow laws encouraged the idea of “separate but equal” Examples of Jim Crow Laws: • segregated schools • segregated restaurants • segregated buses

  4. Disenfranchisement • From 1890 to 1908, Southern states created constitutions with provisions that prevented African Americans from voting (disenfranchisement). Examples: • Poll Taxes • Literacy Tests • Violence/Scare Tactics • Restrictive Registration Practices (ex: Grandfather Clause)

  5. Critical Thinking… • Why do you think many southern states wanted to prevent African Americans from voting in the early 1900s?

  6. Exploitation • Increased economic hardships for blacks, Latinos and Asians • Denial of economic opportunities • Widespread employment discrimination

  7. Violence • Individual • Police/Organizational • Mass racial violence (against African Americans in South, Hispanics in Southwest, and Asians in West) • Lynching was a popular form of mass violence against African Americans in South

  8. Plessy Vs. Ferguson • 1896, Supreme Court order that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation • Said “separate but equal” facilities were legal

  9. Brown Vs. Board of Education • In 1954, the Supreme Court handed down a landmark decision by overturning Plessy Vs. Ferguson • The court ruled unanimously that “separate but equal” schools were unconstitutional • The court ordered desegregation “with all deliberate speed…”

  10. …with all deliberate speed • The Supreme Court made integration a federal requirement but left it up to the states to determine when that would happen • Many southern states ignored the court order and refused to desegregate • However, this decision paved the way for the Civil Rights Movement

  11. Harry Truman and Civil Rights • In 1946, Harry Truman created the Committee on Civil Rights to examine racial issues • In July 1948 Truman issued Executive Order 9808, banning racial discrimination in the military and federal government

  12. Eisenhower’s Early Years • Eisenhower continued Truman’s efforts by ending any remaining segregationist policies in the military or federal government • He also appointed the first African American, Frederic Morrow, to the White House Staff

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