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Volcano observations with ASTER and ASTER image database for volcanoes

Volcano observations with ASTER and ASTER image database for volcanoes. Urai, Minoru Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. Topics. Introduction Overview of ASTER instruments Volcano monitoring with ASTER Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan

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Volcano observations with ASTER and ASTER image database for volcanoes

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  1. Volcano observations with ASTER and ASTER image database for volcanoes Urai, Minoru Geological Survey of Japan, AIST

  2. Topics • Introduction • Overview of ASTER instruments • Volcano monitoring with ASTER • Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan • Thermal anomaly monitoring : Sierra Negra, Galapagos Islands • ASTER image database for volcanoes • Conclusions

  3. Introduction • Resent volcanic hazard • Eyjafjallajokull 2010 : Over 100,000 flights cancelled • Merapi 2006 : 17,000 people were evacuated • Two people were killed by a pyroclasic flow • Pinatubo 1991 : Up to 800 people were killed • In 1992 and 1993, the average temperature in the Northern Hemisphere was reduced 0.5 to 0.6°C • Historic volcanic hazard • Tambora 1815 : 92,000people were killed • Unzen 1792 : 15,000 people were killed

  4. Introduction • ASTER can be used for volcano observations • Topographic and geologic analysis, • Mapping volcanic products, • Eruption plume analysis, • Discolored sea water and crater lake monitoring, • Generating digital elevation models, • Surface temperature mapping,

  5. Overview of ASTER Launch date18DEC1999 Platform Terra satellite Orbit 16days polar orbit Observation time 10:30AM Data recorder yes Subsystems VNIR, SWIR,TIR Stereo function yes Total bands 14+1 Swath width 60km Lifetime 6 years Acquired scene Over 1,800,000 scenes

  6. Overview of ASTER • ASTER has nadir (3N) and backward (3B) looking views. • 3N and 3B compose a stereoscopic pair. • A DEM can be generated from the stereoscopic pair. • However, DEM can not be generated cloud covered area and a DEM covers 60 km by 60 km. ASTER stereo image function. (http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/2.html)

  7. Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan • Miyake-jima is located about 180km south of Tokyo • SO2-rich plume absorb thermal emission from sea at 8.6µm • Cyan color indicates that temperature derived from band 11 is lower than others ASTER TIR RGB : 11, 13, 14 On November 8, 2000

  8. Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan Nadir viewing image Backward viewing image

  9. Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan ASTER stereo pair Atmospheric profile ASTER TIR B13 B11 Plume height and wind velocity analysis MODTRAN Sea surface temperature Plume height MODTRAN Wind velocity SO2 flux estimation 2D- SO2 distribution SO2 flux

  10. Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan The estimation of two-dimensional SO2 distribution

  11. Volcanic gas monitoring : Miyake-jima, Japan The estimation of SO2 flux SO2 flux (ton/day) Distance from the vent (km)

  12. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise • Piton de la Fournaiseis one of the most active volcanoes located on the French island of Reunion in the western Indian Ocean. • There are three calderas that were formed by progressive eastward slumping of the volcano.

  13. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise On April 2, 2007, a new 1 km long vent opened at 650 m altitude in the southern part of Grand Brule. The lava flows reached the sea. On April 5 to 6 and over the whole following day, the summit (Dolomieu) crater floor collapsed. ASTER VNIR image taken on June 8, 2005

  14. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise April 17, 2007 October 31, 2006

  15. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise May 6, 2007 (after eruption) June 8, 2005 (before eruption) VNIR images with 100 m contour

  16. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise E-W ASTER DEM profile Depression : 320 m at most Total volume : 9.6 107 m3 ASTER DEM difference

  17. Caldera collapse and lava flow : Piton de la Fournaise New lava deposit area : 3.85 km2 Surface temperature distribution derived from ASTER nighttime observed on May 4, 2007 superimposed on ASTER daytime image observed on June 8, 2005

  18. ASTER image database for volcanoes Global volcano monitoring plan with ASTER △ Rank A (104) △ Rank B (220) △ Rank C (640) Volcanoes monitored by ASTER

  19. ASTER image database for volcanoes Google Earth Version of ASTER image database for volcanoes at http://igg01.gsj.jp/vsidb/image/vsidb.kml

  20. ASTER image database for volcanoes Full resolution display of ASTER image database for volcanoes

  21. Conclusions • The ASTER’s ability to monitor volcanic activities, such as thermal anomalies, topographic changes, volcanic gases, among others, has been validated. • A web-based ASTER Image Database Volcanoes is opened to the public (http://igg01.gsj.jp/vsidb/image/index-E.html). The database contains all ASTER images of 964 active volcanoes.

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