Chapter 4: Object Recognition

1. Chapter 4: Object Recognition Object/Pattern Recognition: Making sense of stimulus energy Process: Bottom-Up vs. Top-down – see ambiguous image Direct vs. Constructive Perception

3. Gestalt Organizational Principles Theories of Pattern Recognition Gestalt: Stimulus information combined with innate organizing principles of sensory systems. Need examples of principles (proximity, similarity, common fate, closure, and overriding principle of Pragnanz

4. Theories of Pattern Recognition: Cont. • 2. Template Matching: external pattern matched to stored internal representation • 3. Feature Analysis: constructing pattern based on combinations of primitive features • 4. Prototype Matching: Stored representation that acts of ‘exemplar’ of entire category of patterns. • 5. Geon Theory: Recognition based on geometric primitives

5. Stored canonical view

6. Template matching • But what about K K K K K K

7. Prototype matching • Central tendency: average representation • Attribute frequency: modal representation

8. Selfridge (1959) Pandemonium model

9. PDP word recognition model

10. Geon forms using basic cylinder shape

11. Expertise and Pattern Recognition • Chase and Simon (1970’s): studies with chess experts • Expertise corresponds to more efficient processing of increasingly larger, more meaningful patterns. • Expansion of working memory capacity – Long-term working memory

12. Chess patterns