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Now , Factuality and Conditio Humana

Now , Factuality and Conditio Humana. Hartmann Römer University of Freiburg, Germany Parmenides Workshop 19 29. 4. - 2. 5. 2010. A-Time and B-Time J.E. Mc Taggart 1908. A-time: Inner time, related to our mode of personal existence, distinguished factual „now“, directed

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Now , Factuality and Conditio Humana

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  1. Now, Factuality and Conditio Humana Hartmann Römer University of Freiburg, Germany Parmenides Workshop 19 29. 4. - 2. 5. 2010

  2. A-Time and B-TimeJ.E. Mc Taggart 1908 • A-time: Inner time, related to our mode of personal existence, distinguished factual „now“, directed • B-time: Outer physical time, scale time without „now“, not necessarily directed, poorer structure as compared to A-time

  3. „Spacialisation“ of time, „Worldlines“ ct x

  4. FILM STATT BILD „Film instead of Panorama“

  5. Timeless Family tree

  6. „Spacialisation“ and Evaporation of Time in Physics • In physics, time shows a tendency to become impoverished and more similar to space. ( Newtonian mechanics → Loss of directedness → SRT → GRT), disappearance more easily explained than emergence • Time, together with space, may even disappear or become an approximate or derived notion on a fundamental level of physics

  7. „Anschauungsformen“ • Kant: Time and space are „forms of intuition“ (Formen der reinen Anschauung) • Time as form of the inner sense • Space as form of the outer sense • Spacialisation of time to be expected from this perspective, because physics belongs to the realm of the outer sense • Space has neither natural directedness nor distinguished „here“ • Compare also res cogitans vs res extensa

  8. Unreality of Time? • In view of the spacial character of physical (B-) time, time is sometimes assumed to be unreal and illusionary (Einstein on the death of his friend Besso) • This, however, presupposes a strong physicalism, which we will argue to be of little plausibilty

  9. Comeback of Time in Quantum Theory • Observer with his A-time plays essential role • Philosophical and epistemological considerations can no longer be left aside • Result of a measurement factual like the „now“ • (Temporal) order of different measurements vital, noncommutativity AB ≠ BA • „First learn, then forget“ (But past not necessarily factual) • Similar structural features in thermodynamical theory of time arrow • Essential features of physical quantum theory can be generalised (Weak, generalised, Quantum theory H. Atmanspacher, H. Römer, H. Walach: Foundations of Physics 32 (2002), 273; H. Atmanspacher, Th. Filk, H. Römer, in preparation)

  10. GeneralisedQuantum theory • System (identification, isolation, subsystems) • State • Observable (Features open for investigation), global and locale observables • Measurement (Performing investigation belonging to observable A with result a, which has factual validity) After measurement of A with result a the system resides in an eigenstate za, in which a measurement of A yields the result a with certainty. For complementary observables A and B measurements are not interchangeable and for given measured value a of A there is in general no common eigenstate zab of A und B. (Measurement as preparation) Human mind from inner perspective quantum like (“now” factual) (N. Bohr, W.Pauli, C.G. Jung, W. James)

  11. Partitions • Partitioning into subsystems is an essential constitutive act. G. Mahler • Eur. Phys. J. D17 (2001) 385 (compare v.Humboldt, Whorf) • Associated to partitions, there are Partition Observables, whose • different values differentiate between the different parts of the system • Different partitions can be compatible or complementary • The position observable Q is a privileged example for partitioning • into spacially separated subsystems • The range of physics is largely coincident with the range of applicability • of the partition observable Q. ( Physics as the world of „res extensae“)

  12. The Epistemic Split • Splitting into parts and identifying observables literally constitutes a system • The first partition, prior to and prerequsite for any act of cognition is • the epistemic split into observer and observed • As an extrapolation, the unpartitioned substrate might be identified with • C.G.Jung‘s unus mundus • There may be splits and observables, which are complementary to any • epistemic split • In physics, the epistemic split corresponds to the split into measuring device • and measured object. Stochasticity enters into quantum theory as a result of • this split and subsequent projection onto one of the two subsystems. • There is a symmetry with respect to projection onto measured system and • measuring device • Such a symmetry might also be valid with respect to the epistemic split • (Inside- outside symmetry)

  13. Observables • Observables presuppose epistemic split • Observables do not exclusively pertain to the observed system but in a way are located astride of the epistemic split • Observables do not only correspond to nouns but also to verbs • Active role of observation • Inner and outer observables, „now“-factuality of observation results and conscious awareness

  14. Against Physicalism • Epistemic split constitutive for observables • Measurement not only physical process • Everett’s interpretation of QTh is a consequence of an extreme physicalism • Physics not causally closed • Physicalisms as one-sided as solipsism

  15. Scenario for Time Observables First step Time observables Ti after epistemic split arise in individual subsystems as as mode of conscious existence. Second step Entanglement correlations relate time observables of different individuals and material systems. Third step Operationalisation of time observables by transfer to physical systems (A-time versus B-time) H.R.: Mind and Matter 2, (2004), 105-125, arXiv.org/ abs/quant-ph/0402011 See also H.Primas: Mind and Matter 1 (2003), 81-121

  16. Time- and Time Complementary Observables H. Römer: Mind and Matter 4 (2006), 69-90 • With respect to the time observable Ti we can differentiate between • Time compatible observables A: ATi = TiA • e.g. space observables • Substance observables: • -Nomina (Nominal sentences) • -Substance ontology • Time complementary observables ATi ≠ TiA • e.g. energy in quantum physics • Process observables: • -Verbs (Verbal sentences) • -Process ontology (James, Whitehead, Rescher…) • Zeno‘s paradox: Motion and intermediate states cannot be visualised • simultaneously. Resolution by complementarity of time (substance) • and time complementary (process) observables. Analogy to the • vanishing of the „orbit“ or trajectory in quantum mechanics. • Finite extension of „now“

  17. Constraints of Human ExistenceH. Römer, G.E. Jacoby • Epistemic split • Temporality: A-time, only one “now”, film rather than panorama • Facticity: one fact rather than possibility space • Boolean logic

  18. Scenario for the Unfolding of Human Existence • Total subjection to “now” and factuality gradually alleviated • Parallelism of phylogenesis and ontogenesis • Widening by acquiring the dimensions of past and future • Discovering and exploring space of possibilities and contrafactuality • Causality; freedom enters into mode of existence • Timeless concepts come into sight. Human culture as an endeavour of emancipation from existential restrictions

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