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Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics. Layers of the Earth. 1)Crust, 2) Mantle, 3)Outercore, 4)Inner Core Crust is the thinnest layer, while the mantle is the thickest. The mantle is made of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. Waves. P-Wave – pressure wave. Travels through all material

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Plate Tectonics

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  1. Plate Tectonics

  2. Layers of the Earth • 1)Crust, 2) Mantle, 3)Outercore, 4)Inner Core • Crust is the thinnest layer, while the mantle is the thickest. • The mantle is made of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere

  3. Waves • P-Wave – pressure wave. Travels through all material • S-Wave – shear wave. Only travels through solids. • L-Wave – longitudinal wave. Travels along the surface

  4. Continental Movement • One super continent called Pangaea. • Eventually split in to two parts A) Northern part was called Laurasia B) Southern part was called Gondwanaland • Continental drift – Proposed theory by Alfred Wegener. • Convection cell motion (conveyor belt) proposed by H. H. Hess.

  5. More Evidence of Crustal Motion • Continents fit together like a puzzle. Example: South America and Africa • Fossil evidence of ancient plants and animals on the coasts of different continents. • Rock dating age of material

  6. Plate Tectonics • Seven major plates: Pacific, North American, South American, African, Eurasian, Australian, Antarctic • 13-15 minor plates • Plate Boundaries • Divergent plate – Move apart • Convergent – Move together • Transform fault – slide by each other

  7. Plate Tectonics cont. • Plate Collisions 1) Continental v. Oceanic plate Subduction zone is formed. Trench is evidence of subduction. Subduction leads to Orogeny. Ex: South America and Pacific Plate (mountain building) 2) Continental v. Continental Causes folded mountains. Ex: India in to Asia

  8. Plate Tectonics cont. • Oceanic v. Oceanic Trench is formed and island arc. Ex: Aleutian Islands off of Alaska • Hot spots Hawaiian Islands. Stationary magma chamber releases magma as plate moves across.

  9. Mantle Seismic Wave P-Wave S-Wave Refraction MOHO Lithosphere Asthenosphere Isostasy Gondwanaland Laurasia Convection Cell Subduction Zone Plate Tectonics Divergent Plate Boundry Convergent Plate Boundry Transform Fault Rift Zone Hot Spot Hydrothermal Vent Megaplume Pangaea Magma Chapter 3 Vocab Home Work Questions pg. 116 #1, 2, 4, 8, 12

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