Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [UWB applications for 802.15.4e] Date Submitted: [January, 2008] Source: [Arnaud Tonnerre, Isabelle Bucaille, Serge Hethuin] Company [THALES Communications] Address [146 boulevard de Valmy 92704 Colombes France] E−Mail [arnaud.tonnerre@fr.thalesgroup.com] Re: [802.15.4e] Abstract: [This document present some applications for UWB systems that require determinism] Purpose: [To promote discussion in 802.15.4e Study Group] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Arnaud Tonnerre

2. UWB applications for802.15.4e Arnaud Tonnerre, THALES Communications Isabelle Bucaille, THALES Communications Serge Hethuin, THALES Communications This work has been partly funded under the 6th EU’s Framework Programme for Research and technological Development and kindly supported by the Directorate D – Converged Networks and Services of the DG Information Society & Media Arnaud Tonnerre

3. Objectives • 802.15.4e Task Group mainly aims at: • Proposing protocols allowing reliable guaranteed access to the medium (“real determinism”) • Providing a way to control and minimize the latency • Allowing reliable and robust communications • The objective of this contribution is to describe the applications that may require such improved solutions • It is especially focused on scenarios in which ultra wideband (UWB) technology is of utmost interest Arnaud Tonnerre

4. Contents • Summary of the GTS limitations in 802.15.4 • UWB technology • Interest for Impulse-Radio UWB technology • Limitations and associated requirements • Usage models • E-localization/ticketing/logistics in transportation (ABL) • Indoor positioning system (ABL) • Emergency indoor positioning system (AFL) • Emergency service positioning (indoor/outdoor, AFL/ABL) • Surveillance (AFL) ABL: Anchor Based Localization AFL: Anchor Free Localization Arnaud Tonnerre

5. Summary of the GTS limitations • The GTS mode has been specified in 802.15.4 • It has some limitations that make it useless • It is especially true in overloaded systems. • Lack of flexibility • The number of slots contained in the superframe is fixed to 16 • The duration of a slot is fixed • The number of GTS is limited to 7 • GTS requests are sent in the Contention Access Period • Involves problems related to the latency control • Relaying is not taken into account in the CFP • Data forwarding is required in most of the UWB applications Arnaud Tonnerre

6. Interest for UWB technology • Ultra wideband has been standardized by the 802.15.4a Task Group • Impulse-Radio UWB (IR-UWB) is suitable for many WPAN applications • IR-UWB advantages • Localization capabilities with high accuracy • Scalability of the data rate • Low power consumption Arnaud Tonnerre

7. Limitations and associated requirements • Current UWB regulation in the world • US: -41.3dBm/MHz in the 3.1 – 10.6GHz band • Europe: -41.3dBm/MHz in the 6 – 8.5GHz band (in lower band specific mitigation techniques are mandatory) • Japan: -41.3dBm/MHz in the 7.25 – 10 GHz band (in lower band specific mitigation techniques are mandatory) • Nominal EIRP of -41.3dBm/MHz is low • Mean power: -14dBm or 0.04mW (500MHz bandwidth) • Low transmission power involves limitations in coverage • Requirement for UWB applications • Extension of the system coverage • This can be achieved by data forwarding • Relaying should be taken into account in 802.15.4e Arnaud Tonnerre

8. E-localization/ticketing/logistics • E-localisation / ticketing / logistics systems for control / safety / navigation in public environments and transportations • Communications must be very robust and reliable as the positioning and the data transfer can be related to payment operations Arnaud Tonnerre

9. E-localization/ticketing/logistics • Application characteristics • Data rate: 10 – 100kbps • Coverage: 20m in NLOS • Relaying is not required if the anchor density is sufficient • Maximum node density: • Anchors: 2500 per km² • Users: 2000 per km² • Installation: Indoor/outdoor either fixed or mobile • Public indoor environment, public transportation, inside road or rail vehicles • Energy constraints: Very high • Anchors operate on batteries • Lifetime should be very long (several years) Arnaud Tonnerre

10. Indoor positioning system • Indoor Positioning System for navigation services • Indoor navigation of users in shopping centers, amusement parks, etc. • Localisation performed with anchors (ABL) • Determinism is required so as that the users may access to the service with no waiting • Scheduling based on traffic control is required Arnaud Tonnerre

11. Indoor Positioning Systems • Application characteristics • Data rate: 10 – 100kbps • Coverage: 20m in NLOS • Relaying not required for positioning services (Anchor Based Localization) • Maximum node density: • Anchors: 2500 per km² • Users: 2000 per km² • Installation: Indoor and fixed • Shopping center, amusement park, … • Energy constraints: Very high • Anchors operate on batteries • Lifetime should be very long (several years) Arnaud Tonnerre

12. Emergency indoor positioning system • Deployment of first responders in a building where an incident has occurred • Localisation is provided without any anchors (AFL) • Absolute reference may be obtained thanks to RFID tags • Determinism and latency control are required in such a risky environment • Indoor Positioning System for emergency situations • Reliable and robust communication means • This service is offered to the first responders and shared between individuals of the same team Arnaud Tonnerre

13. Emergency Indoor Positioning Systems • Application characteristics • Data rate: 0.1 – 10Mbps • Coverage: 100m in NLOS • Relayingis required for measurement transmissions to the calculator(s) • Maximum node density: 10000 per km² • Installation: no installation • Energy constraints: Medium Ranging exchanges AFL performed in a mesh network Arnaud Tonnerre

14. Reference calibrate using GPS Emergency service positioning • Indoor / outdoor positioning on incident location • System based on anchors (i.e. vehicles equipped with GNSS) • Anchors provide the absolute references to the indoor system • Data information may be of utmost importance (situation awareness, victim’s condition, a danger) • Traffic flows require guaranteed access to the medium Arnaud Tonnerre

15. Emergency service positioning • Application characteristics • Data rate: 0.1 – 10Mbps • Coverage: 100m NLOS, 1km LOS • Relaying is required for coverage extension • Anchor Free Localization also involves the use of relaying • Typical node density: 10000 per km² • Installation: Indoor/outdoor either fixed or mobile • Base unit deployed around the incident are fixed • Energy constraints: Medium • Mobile devices operate on batteries • Lifetime should be a few days Arnaud Tonnerre

16. Surveillance application • Indoor / outdoor surveillance • Surveillance in a parking or protection of a high-risk zone (i.e. embassies) • Deployment of WPANs, including two types of equipment • LDR devices such as detection sensors • HDR systems, i.e. video cameras • Traffic flows require guaranteed access to obtain alarms in real-time • Localization of LDR sensors may be required LDR: Low-Data Rate HDR: High-Data Rate WPAN Arnaud Tonnerre

17. Surveillance application • Application characteristics • Data rate: 0.1 – 10Mbps • Coverage: 30m NLOS, 200m LOS • Relaying is required for coverage extension of the LDR sensors • Anchor Free Localization involves use of relaying • Maximum node density: 20000 per km² (mainly related to LDR sensors) • Installation: Indoor / Outdoor • Sensors deployed in the surveillance area are fixed • Energy constraints: Very high • Lifetime of LDR sensors should be a few years Arnaud Tonnerre

18. Summary • Usages models based on UWB have been presented • Involved requirements: • UWB systems should provide determinism (reliable access to positioning services, …) • Latency should be controlled • New traffic flow should be able to receive bandwidth allocation in a minimum of time • GTS request has to be sent in the Contention Free Period • Relaying should be taken into account Arnaud Tonnerre

19. References • [1] PULSERS (IST-FP6-506897) deliverable D3a2, “Candidate architecture for HDR and LDR-LT operational modes”, December 2004. • [2] PULSERS (IST-FP6-506897) deliverable D51b, “Definition of new concepts / architectures for UWB MAC and networking [HDR and LDR-LT]”, March 2005. • [3] PULSERS (IST-FP6-506897) deliverable D3a3, “Selection of architecture for HDR and LDR-LT operational modes including simulation results”, June 2005. • [4] Isabelle Bucaille, Arnaud Tonnerre, Laurent Ouvry, Benoit Denis, “MAC layer design for UWB LDR systems: PULSERS proposal”, WPNC 2007, Hannover, Germany, March 2007. Arnaud Tonnerre