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Types of Solids

Types of Solids. Amorphous solids have no significant long-range order. Crystalline solids have atoms/ions/molecules arranged in a regular pattern (lattice). Crystal Lattices. The repeating unit of the lattice is called the unit cell .

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Types of Solids

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  1. Types of Solids • Amorphoussolids have no significant long-range order. • Crystalline solids have atoms/ions/molecules arranged in a regular pattern (lattice).

  2. Crystal Lattices • The repeating unit of the lattice is called the unit cell. • There are a number of different types of unit cell; hexagonal, rhombic, cubic, etc. • The three types of cubic unit cells are: • simple cubic, • body-centered cubic (bcc), • face-centered cubic (fcc).

  3. Cubic Unit Cells The unit cell – the repeating unit – is a cube. It may contain whole atoms and integral parts of atoms. Simple cubic: atom (1/8) at each corner of the cube. Face-centered cubic: atom (1/2) at center of each face. Body-centered cubic: one additional atom at center of cube.

  4. Solids • Ionic • Molecular • Atomic

  5. Ionic Solids • Ions at lattice points

  6. Ionic

  7. NaCl crystal

  8. Molecular solids • Molecules at lattice points • Sugar • water

  9. Covalent

  10. Atomic Solids • Atoms at lattice points. • Metallic • Group 8A • Network

  11. Metallic Forces • Metallic atom-atom: nondirectional covalent bonds involving delocalized electrons

  12. The electrons are not bound to an individual atom.

  13. Metallic

  14. Network Solids • Network solids have a network of covalent bonds that extend throughout the solid, holding it firmly together. • The allotropes of carbon • Silica (SiO2) and Silicates

  15. Crystal Structure of Diamond Three-dimensional structure is extremely strong and rigid.

  16. Crystal Structure of Graphite Hexagons of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms.

  17. Structure of a Buckyball C60 molecule

  18. Comparison of Properties • Relate to strength of forces • Melting point • Boiling point

  19. Types of solids

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