Poetry

1. Poetry

2. Organization • Poetry is organized into lines & stanzas

3. Lines and Stanzas • A line is a word or row of words that may or may not form a complete sentence. • A stanza is a group of lines forming a unit. • The stanzas in a poem are separated by a space. Open it. --line Go ahead, it won’t bite. Well…maybe a little. } Stanza

4. Kinds of Stanzas • Couplet = two line stanza • Triplet = three line stanza • Quatrain = four line stanza • Quintet = five line stanza • Sestet or Sextet = six line stanza • Septet = seven line stanza • Octave = eight line stanza

5. Sound Effects

6. Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words, used to emphasize words, imitate sounds, and create musical effects. • Ex: “Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout” • Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within a line of poetry • ex: “weak and weary” • Consonance: Repetition of consonant sound in words (not just at the beginning of words) • Ex: “Rubbery Blubbery”

7. Rhythm and Meter • Rhythm is the pattern of sound created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line. • can be regular or irregular • Meter is a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables, which sets the overall rhythm of certain poems. • pattern is repeated throughout the poem.

8. Rhyme Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds • A word always rhymes with itself Internalrhyme occurs within a line of poetry Endrhyme occurs at the end of lines. Rhymescheme is the pattern of the end rhymes. The golden brooch my mother wore ------ a She left behind for me to wear; ----------- b I have no thing I treasure more; -----------a Yet it is something I could spare ----------b

9. Figurative Language Words and phrases that help the reader picture things in a new way. • Allusion: Reference to a well known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art • Connotation: Meaning beyond the literal; deeper meaning • Denotation: A word’s dictionary meaning, independent of other associations that the word may have

10. Hyperbole:obvious and intentional exaggeration often used for emphasis. EX. There are a million people here. I have a ton of homework tonight. • Idiom: An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means something other than what it actually means. EX. You are pulling my leg. • Onomatopoeia is the use of a word or phrase, such as “hiss”, “buzz”, “thud” or “sizzle” that imitates or suggests the sound of what it describes.

11. Oxymoron: a combination of contradictory words, such as 'Jumbo Shrimp' (Jumbo means 'large' while Shrimp means 'small'). It is a literary figure of speech in which opposite or contradictory words, terms, phrases or ideas are combined to create a rhetorical effect. EX. Pretty Ugly • Personification: Figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics Ex: “The moon walks in the night” • Metaphor: A figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, implying a comparison between the two things EX. “All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.” -William Shakespeare

12. Simile: A figure of speech in which a comparison is made of two unlike things or ideas using the words “like” or “as” EX. “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.” Symbol: Anything that stands for or represents something else. • Theme: Central message or insight into life, revealed through a literary work. • Tone: Author’s attitude toward the subject or audience.

13. Types of Poems • Concrete Poem: poem whose meaning is conveyed through shape or pattern printed on a page • Epic: A long narrative poem about the deeds of gods or heroes. (“The Odyssey” by Homer is an epic poem) • FreeVerse: Poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern, or meter. It seeks to recapture the rhythms of speech, and it is the dominant form of modern poetry.

14. Limericks: humorous poem of 5 lines (aabba rhyme scheme) • LyricPoem: A highly musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker • NarrativePoem: A poem that tells a story. • Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, often written in rhymed iambic pentameter