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Site Remediation with Iron NanoParticles

Site Remediation with Iron NanoParticles Interagency Workshop: Nanotechnology and the Environment: Applications and Implications September 15, 2003. Wei-xian Zhang Associate Professor Civil & Environmental Eng. Lehigh University.

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Site Remediation with Iron NanoParticles

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  1. Site Remediation with Iron NanoParticles Interagency Workshop: Nanotechnology and the Environment: Applications and Implications September 15, 2003 Wei-xian ZhangAssociate ProfessorCivil & Environmental Eng.Lehigh University

  2. Nanotechnology holds great promise for meeting environmental challenges Pollution Prevention • Improve environmental technologies (treatment, remediation, sensing, etc.) • Improve manufacturing processes (efficiency, waste reduction, etc.) • Dematerialization Sensors Treatment/ Remediation

  3. Site Remediation Industrial Waste Treatment

  4. C2HCl3 C2H6 + 3Cl- 5[H] e- Fe2+ <100 µm Fe0 Pd0 Environmental RemediationwithNanoscale Iron ParticlesLab and Field Experience

  5. Why Nanoparticles?  Small size for easy subsurface injection  Large surface area  Extremely high reaction rates  Low temperature reaction  Added Catalytical functions

  6. Methods of Synthesis

  7. Size (50-100 nm)

  8. 50 nm nanoparticle

  9. Iron particles (100-200 nm)

  10. Iron particles (3-5 nm)

  11. Nano Iron Wire (dia 50-75 nm,10-20 µm long )

  12. Iron Rod (dia ~50 nm)

  13. Iron Tube (~ 50 nm)

  14. Nano Iron Antenna (~50 nm)

  15. Contaminant Transformation With Reactive Iron Nanoparticles Organic solvents (TCE, PCE) Pesticides (DDT, lindane) Fertilizers (nitrate) Heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cr, As) Explosives (TNT, RDX) Radioactive materials (U) Perchlorate (ClO4-)

  16. Perchlorate Reduction

  17. Most effective Eh regulator

  18. Field Test -1 (1.7 kg nanoFe applied, 2000)  A 27-acre NJ manufacturing site  Continuous production since 1930s  C2HCl3 (TCE), CCl4 (CT), etc.  >$1.0 million has been spent on the site  Active remedy is needed

  19. 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m Test Area Schematic Flowmeter Nanoparticle Suspension (400 L) Groundwater 2.4 – 3.6 m 3.0 – 4.5 m 4.8 – 6.0 m DGC-15 PZ-2 PZ-3 PZ-1

  20. Setting Up!  2-165 gal tanks  Recirculation from PZ-3S, 3D to DGC-15 or storage tank  Dedicated low-flow pumps in each well  Goal = Gravity Feed!

  21. The Nano Fe Slurry

  22. Field Test - 2 (Nano Fe 10 kg, 2002)) • Total volume injected = 1,600 gallons (6,056 L) • Nano Fe concentration = 1.9 g/l • Average injection rate = 0.6 gpm • Injection Well B-4 • Monitoring Wells • B-3: 20 feet north of B-4 • B-2: 40 feet northeast of B-4 • GW-4: 63 feet north-northeast of B-4

  23. Conceptual Geologic/Hydrogeologic Model

  24. Conceptual Model - Injection Area

  25. Field Test - 2 (10 kg Nano Fe))

  26. U.S. EPA NSF PITA Dr. C.B. Wang Dr. H.L. Lien Dr. J. Cao D. Daniel Elliott Xiao-qin Li Y.P. Sun Steve Spear Yu Xue Steph Kravitz Patrick Clasen Tim Marks Acknowledgments

  27. Research Group

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