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Canada in the 1960s

Canada in the 1960s. Groovy!. Quebec ’ s Quiet Revolution. Maurice Duplessis dies in 1959 after being «  le Chef  » for nearly 20 years Quebec had been traditional until this time Union Nationale continued bribes and kickbacks. Maurice Duplessis. 1960 Election.

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Canada in the 1960s

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  1. Canada in the 1960s Groovy!

  2. Quebec’s Quiet Revolution • Maurice Duplessis dies in 1959 after being « le Chef » for nearly 20 years • Quebec had been traditional until this time • Union Nationale continued bribes and kickbacks

  3. Maurice Duplessis

  4. 1960 Election • Jean Lesage “Things must Change” • 51.5% of the popular vote • Union Nationale’s attempts to buy the election had failed

  5. Maitres Chez Nous • 1962 “:La Survivance” is replaced with “Maitres chez Nous” (masters in our own house) • Facilitate the speedy organization modernization of Quebec • Ensure the survival of French language and culture in Quebec • Achieve full equality in the Canadian partnership • Place the Quebec economy in the hands of the citizens of Quebec

  6. Maitres Chez Nous

  7. Quiet Revolution 1960-1966 • Influence of Catholic Church declined • Educational system modernized • Medical services under government control; Quebec agreed to participate in fed-prov hospital insurance program • Labour code revised to protect workers and unions • Legal status of women made equal to men • Voting age lowered from 21 to 18 • Provincial pension plan for Quebecers • Hydro-Quebec was established • Artistic expression flourished

  8. Quebec Goals • Federalists- Liberals • Nationalists- Parti Quebecois • Militants- FLQ

  9. The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism • English and French should be official languages of Canada • Canadians should learn both languages • French should be the official language of business in Quebec • English Canada should be more understanding of French Canadian and their culture • French-speaking communities outside of Quebec should be protected • The people of Quebec should feel that all of Canada is their homeland

  10. Terrorism comes to Canada • Front de Liberation du Quebec is formed • Goal was to “destroy completely by systematic sabotage all symbols of colonial institutions” • Bombs and robberies

  11. Birth of the New Democratic Party • The CCF could not attract votes after World War II • 1961 the NDP is formed from an alliance of labour unionists, farmers, intellectuals and former members of the CCF • Saskatchewan Premier Tommy Douglas is elected their leader

  12. Tommy Douglas

  13. The Great Flag Debate • Canada’s official flag was the Union Jack • Pearson promised a new flag during the 1963 election • A heated debate erupted over the flag • January 28, 1965 Queen Elizabeth II proclaimed that effective February 15 Canada would have a new flag

  14. The Flag Debate

  15. Canada Turns 100 • In 1967 Canada had its Centennial • By Dominion Day every community had a Centennial Park, library, hospital, art gallery, concert hall, community centre or swimming pool to dedicate • Canada also hosted Expo ’67 in Montreal • The theme of the fair was “Man and his World” • More than 50 million visitors came to Montreal to see the exhibition in the 6 months it was there

  16. C-A-N-A-D-A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vE17TazIvM&NR=1

  17. Vive le Quebec Libre • Charles de Gaulle came to Canada for Expo’67 • Landed in Quebec instead of Ottawa • In Montreal he made a speech from City Hall’s balcony • The speech ended with “Vive le Quebec Libre” which was the slogan of the terrorists who had used a fire bomb • De Gaulle cut his visit short and never returned to Canada

  18. De Gaulle and Pearson • Vive Montréal! Vive le Québec!" (Long live Montreal! Long live Quebec!), "Vive le Québec libre! Vive le Canada français! Et vive la France!“ • “Canadians do not need to be liberated. Indeed, many thousands of Canadians gave their lives in two world wars in the liberation of France and other European countries."

  19. Vive le Quebec Libre

  20. Canada/US Relations Hot and Cold • John Diefenbaker refused to accept nuclear warheads • Kennedy publicly stated that he did not like Diefenbaker during the election campaign of 1963 • Pearson signed a pact to arm Bomarc missiles with American warheads • After Johnson and Pearson retired in 1968, Nixon and Trudeau had to deal with one another • Canadian protesting Vietnam also increased tensions

  21. Canada/US economics • “Buy Canadian” programs in the 1960s, but many consumer goods were American • 1965 Autopact • By 1967 81% of all foreign investment in Canada was American

  22. Social Change • The 1950s saw people stop worrying about economics which allowed them to divert their worries to ‘quality of life’ issues • Technological advances meant inexpensive products • Birth Control pill and new morality • Women began to demand equality

  23. Women’s Liberation

  24. Voices of Protest • Counterculture emerged as the Baby Boomers became teenagers • Rejected traditional values • Hippies- communal living, sexual freedom, drugs, long hair and scruffy clothes as symbols of rebellion • Activists- clean-cut, well-dressed young people with serious concerns about the world, founded organizations, organized marches and demonstrations • Key concerns were: Vietnam, arms race, testing nukes, the environment and the exploitation of Women

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