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Chapter 1: Sources of Democratic Tradition 2000 B.C.E.-C.E. 1689

Chapter 1: Sources of Democratic Tradition 2000 B.C.E.-C.E. 1689. Section `1 : The Greek Roots of Democracy. The Rise of Greek City-States Between 750-500 B.C.E., Greeks changed different forms of gov’t Monarchy - king or queen ruled

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Chapter 1: Sources of Democratic Tradition 2000 B.C.E.-C.E. 1689

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  1. Chapter 1: Sources of Democratic Tradition 2000 B.C.E.-C.E. 1689

  2. Section `1: The Greek Roots of Democracy • The Rise of Greek City-States • Between 750-500 B.C.E., Greeks changed different forms of gov’t • Monarchy - king or queen ruled • noble landowners - served as military defenders; could afford bronze weapons and chariots • middle class - merchants, farmers, and artisans began to take power • middle class challenged noble landowners for power • citizens began to protect city-states since iron weapons were cheaper

  3. Section 1: The Greek Roots of Democracy The Rise of Greek City-States Cont. • This created 2 main city-states: Sparta and Athens • Sparta:Very disciplined military society; had a king and council of elders; only males over 30 could participate • Athens:Importance to individual and citizens rights; idea of democracy originated; set up legislature; women and slaves could not participate in politics

  4. Section 1: The Greek Roots of Democracy • The Persian Wars • By 500 B.C.E., Athens the wealthiest Greek city-state • Threats from Persians lasted 20 years, but were able to withstand and defeat Persian forces due to support from Sparta • Athens in the Age of Pericles • Athens became the most powerful city after the Persian Wars • From 460-429 B.C.E., Athens’ economy thrived and government became more democratic under Pericles - known as Age of Pericles • “Direct Democracy”—most of the citizens participated in making decisions

  5. Section 1: The Greek Roots of Democracy • Athens in the Age of Pericles Cont. • Citizens had to serve on the jury to make final judgment in a trial; were paid to serve • Believed in civic duty (responsibility) • Began to move away from god’s law to natural law • Peloponnesian War—lasted 27 years; Sparta defeated Athens; ended democracy

  6. Section 1: The Greek Roots of Democracy • Greek Philosophers • Thinkers and “lovers of wisdom” • Used observation and reason to figure out why things happened • Their search for knowledge influenced modern science and Western political thought • Focused on ethics and morality  idea of goodness and human behavior • Sophists (Athens) focused on success • Socrates  Stonemason and philosopher, used the art of questioning to find truth and self-knowledge Plato  student of Socrates; believed that reason led to knowledge • wrote Republic  divided society into three classes • Worker  produce the necessities of life • Soldiers  defend the state • Philosophers  rule the state

  7. Section 1: The Greek Roots of Democracy • Greek Philosophers Cont. • Aristotle  student of Plato; analyzed all forms of gov’t (monarchy to democracy) & found problems with them all • favored constitutional democracy  ”rule of the many” called polity (middle class) • wrote Politics  rulers should also follow laws • His teachings were used by constitutional gov’ts today

  8. Section 1: The Greek Roots of Democracy V. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age • Alexander was tutored by Aristotle • conquered 2,000 miles of territory and became Alexander the Great • spread Greek ideas • Stoicism  most influential philosophy after Alexander’s death; founded by Zeno • preached high moral standards  all people equal (even women & slaves) • Greek ideas about law, freedom, justice, and gov’t have influenced political thinking even now

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