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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and Windows NT. You Will Learn…. About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture How to install Windows 2000 Professional How to install hardware and applications with Windows 2000 How to install and support Windows NT Professional.

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and Windows NT

  2. You Will Learn… • About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture • How to install Windows 2000 Professional • How to install hardware and applications with Windows 2000 • How to install and support Windows NT Professional

  3. Windows NT/2000/XP Architecture • Share same basic Windows architecture and have similar characteristics

  4. Windows NT and Windows XP • Windows NT • Introduced a new file system, NTFS, that represents a break with past Windows operating systems (also used by Windows 2000 and Windows XP) • Windows XP • Includes additional multimedia support

  5. Windows 2000 • Culmination of evolution of Microsoft OSs from 16-bit DOS operating system to a true32-bit, module-oriented operating system • Better choice for corporate desktop notebook computers • More secure and reliable; offers better support for very large hard drives

  6. Four Windows 2000Operating Systems • Windows 2000 Professional • Windows 2000 Server • Windows 2000 Advanced Server • Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

  7. Windows NT/2000/XP Modes • User mode • Kernel mode

  8. Windows NT/2000/XP Modes

  9. User Mode • Processor mode in which programs: • Have only limited access to system information • Can access hardware only through other OS services • Used by several subsystems • All applications relate to Windows NT/2000/XP by way of the Win32 subsystem, either directly or indirectly

  10. User Mode Subsystems

  11. Kernel Mode • Processor mode in which programs have extensive access to system information and hardware • Used by two main components • HAL (hardware abstraction layer) • Executive services

  12. Networking Features • A workstation running Windows NT/2000/XP can be configured to work as one node in a workgroup or as one node on a domain

  13. Windows NT/2000/XP Workgroup • Logical group of computers and users that share resources • Control of administration, resources, and security is controlled by that workstation • Each computer maintains a list of users and their rights on that PC • Uses a peer-to-peer networking model

  14. Windows NT/2000/XP Workgroup

  15. Windows NT/2000/XP Domain • Group of networked computers that share a centralized directory database of user account information and security for entire set of computers • Network administrator manages access to the network through a centralized database • Has a domain controller which stores and controls a database (security accounts manager or SAM) of user accounts, group accounts, computer accounts • Uses client/server networking model

  16. Windows NT/2000/XP Domain

  17. Windows NT/2000/XP Domains • Under Windows NT, a network can have a primary domain controller (PDC) and backup domain controllers (BDCs) • Under Windows 2000, a network can have any number of domain controllers

  18. Networking Features New to Windows 2000 • Native mode • Used when no Windows NT domain controllers are present • Mixed mode • Used when there is at least one Windows NT domain controller on the network • Active Directory • A directory database service that allows for a single administration point for all shared resources on a network • Can track file locations, peripheral devices, databases, Web sites, users, services, etc

  19. Windows NT/2000/XP Logon • Every workstation has an administrator account by default • Administrator creates new user accounts and assigns them rights • Windows NT/2000/XP tracks which user is logged on and grants rights and privileges according to user’s group or specific permissions

  20. How Windows NT/2000/XP Manages Hard Drives • Assigns two different functions to hard drive partitions holding the OS • System partition • Boot partition • Windows system files do not have to be stored on the same partition used to boot the OS

  21. Types of Windows NT/2000/XP Hard Drive Partitions

  22. A Choice of File Systems

  23. A Choice of File Systems • FAT file system • Three components to manage data on a logical drive: FAT, directories, and data files • Windows NT file system (NTFS) • Uses a database called the master file table (MFT) as its core component

  24. The Master File Table (MFT)

  25. Advantages of NTFS over the FAT File System • Recoverable file system • Supports encryption and disk quotas (2000/XP only) • Supports compression • Provides added security if booting from floppy disks • Supports mirroring drives • Uses smaller cluster sizes • Supports large-volume drives

  26. Advantages of the FAT File System over NTFS • Less overhead; works best for drives less than 500 MB • Compatible with Windows 9x and DOS • Can boot PC from a DOS or Windows 9x startup disk and gain access to the drive

  27. Memory in Windows NT/2000/XP • Memory is simply memory (no conventional, upper, and extended memory); all memory addresses are used the same way • Loses some backward compatibility

  28. Memory in Windows NT/2000/XP

  29. Installing Windows 2000 Professional • Types of installations • Clean install • Upgrade installation • Can be installed to be dual-booted with another OS • Minimum requirements • 650 MB free space on hard drive • 64 MB of RAM • 133 MHz Pentium-compatible CPU

  30. Plan the Installation • Select a file system (NTFS, FAT16, or FAT32) • Verify compatibility of computer, peripheral hard devices, and software: • Windows NT/2000/XP does not use system BIOS to interface with hardware devices • Software applications must qualify • System BIOS must meet Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) standards

  31. Plan the Installation

  32. Installing Windows 2000 on Networked Computers • Consider where installation files are stored • CD-ROM • File server • Unattended installation automates the process

  33. Installing Windows 2000 on Networked Computers • Before you begin, need to know: • For peer-to-peer network: computer name and workshop name • For domain network: username, user password, computer name, and domain name • For TCP/IP networks: how IP address is assigned (dynamically or statically)

  34. Upgrade or Clean Install? • Clean install, overwriting existing OS and applications • Upgrade the existing operating system • Create a dual boot by installing Windows 2000 in a second partition of the hard drive

  35. Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 • Run Check Upgrade Only mode of Windows 2000 Setup to check for compatibility and obtain a report on upgrade issues with hardware or software • Hardware compatibility • Drivers are generally incompatible • Software compatibility • Registries are incompatible

  36. Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 • Considerations • Install networking on Windows NT 3.51 machines before upgrading • If using NTFS, Setup automatically upgrades to the Windows 2000 version of NTFS • If using FAT16 or Windows NT with third-party software installed that allows it to use FAT32, Setup asks whether you want to upgrade to NTFS

  37. Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 • Hardware compatibility • Generally compatible, although some third-party drivers might be needed

  38. Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 • Software compatibility • Nearly all applications are compatible • Exceptions • Antivirus software and third-party network software • Some disk management tools • Custom tools for power management • Custom solutions that are workarounds for Windows NT not supporting PnP • Software to monitor and control a UPS

  39. Clean Installation • If PC is capable of booting from CD, insert CD and turn on PC, or • Create a set of Windows 2000 setup disks to boot the PC and begin the installation

  40. Setup Wizard for Installation

  41. Clean Install When the Hard Drive Has an OS Installed

  42. Upgrade Installation • Verify that devices and applications are compatible; download and install patches or upgrades • Scan memory and hard drive for viruses • Back up critical system files and data files • Close all applications and disable antivirus-scanning software; decompress hard drive if compressed • Insert CD and follow installation instructions • Report phase • Setup phase

  43. After the Installation:Back Up the System State

  44. Installing Hardware and Applications under 2000 • Hardware • Add New Hardware wizard • Applications • Add/Remove Programs icon of Control Panel

  45. Installing Hardware • For PnP devices, the Add New Hardware wizard automatically: • Identifies the device • Determines and assigns system resources • Configures the device • Loads device drivers • Informs system of configuration changes

  46. Installing Hardware

  47. Installing Hardware

  48. Installing Applications • Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs utility looks different from Windows 9x and provides more options • Change or remove presently installed programs • Add new programs from a CD-ROM, floppy diskette, or from Microsoft over the Internet • Add or remove Windows components

  49. Installing Applications

  50. Supporting Windows NT • Ways to install it • How to troubleshoot the boot process

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