CHAPTER

2. 7 CHAPTER Dogs

3. History of the Dog • Probably first domesticated animal ~10,000 years ago • Many dogs descended from the wolf • These dogs roamed in packs • Eventually found it easier to get food from humans • Humans began to depend on the dog • Modern dog evolved from selected breeding

4. History of the Dog • Ancestors of the dog lived 40-50 million years ago. • Miacis • Small carnivorous animals that looked more like a weasel than a dog • Lived in trees

5. History of the Dog • Tomarctus • Considered the “father” of modern dogs. • Body built for speed and endurance • Was a hunter • Looked much like the modern dog: today’s dog retains much of the Tomarctus’ anatomical features

6. History of the Dog Today, 7 main groups and 155 breeds

7. 7 Groups of Dogs • The Sporting Group • The Hound Group • The Terrier Group • The Working Dog Group • The Herding Group • The Toy Group • The Non-Sporting Dog Group

8. 1-The Sporting Group • Developed to help hunters pursue game • Breeds • Pointer • German Shorthaired Pointer • German Wirehaired Pointer • Labrador Retriever • English Setter • Irish Setter • Brittany • English Springer Spaniel • American Cocker Spaniel

9. 2-The Hound Group • One type hunts by scent, the other sight • Breeds • Afghan Hound • Basset Hound • Beagle • Black and Tan Coonhound • Bloodhound • Dachshund • American Foxhound • Greyhound • Norwegian Elkhound

10. 3-The Terrier Group • Two subgroups: (1) Long-legged, large breeds and (2) short-legged, small breeds • Breeds • Airedale Terrier • Bedlington Terrier • Border Terrier • Bull Terrier • Dandie Dinmont Terrier • Fox Terrier • Miniature Schnauzer • Skye Terrier • Welsh Terrier

11. 4-The Working Dog Group • Developed to labor or work for humans • Breeds • Alaskan Malamute • Boxer • Doberman Pinscher • Great Dane • Great Pyrenees • Standard Schnauzer • Rottweiler • Saint Bernard • Samoyed breed • Siberian Husky • Komondor

12. 5-The Herding Dog Group • Developed to aid livestock herders with livestock • Breeds • Collie • Border Collie • German Shepherd • Old English Sheepdog • Shetland Sheepdog • Welsh Corgi

13. 6-The Toy Dog Group • Developed as house pets and companions • Breeds • Chihuahua • Italian Greyhound • Manchester Terrier • Pekingnese • Pug • Yorkshire Terrier • Shih Tzu

14. 7-The Non-sporting Dogs • Developed as companions • Breeds • Boston Terrier • Bulldog • Dalmatian • Lhasa Apso • Poodle

15. The Miscellaneous Class • American Kennel Club recognizes five breeds where interest exists • May compete in obedience trials, earn obedience titles, and compete in conformation shows but not earn championship points • Continued interest may earn entrance to regular class • Breeds • Jack Russell Terrier • Tibetan Mastiff

16. The Hybrid or “Designer” Breeds • Produced by crossing purebred dogs of two different breeds • Common hybrids • Schnoodle: Schnauzer and poodle • Goldendoodle: Golden retriever and poodle • Labradoodle: Labrador retriever and standard poodle • Puggle: Female beagle and male pug • Poochin: Poodle and Japanese chin

17. Basics of Dog Feeding • Commercial foods are fast and convenient • Special groups need special feeding • Pregnant and lactating females: More food, more frequently • Puppies: Puppy food in amount for breed • Older dogs: Need protein and nutrients • Other feeding suggestions • Hard-boil or cook eggs before feeding • Take care with bones

18. Guidelines for Dog Exercise • Avoid strenuous exercise for 2 hours after dogs have eaten large meals • Have dogs get physical exams • Condition dogs for strenuous exercise • Be alert to signs of dogs’ fatigue

19. Methods of Dog Training • Basic training • Five basic commands starting as puppy • Rely on voice, avoid hitting or threatening • House-training • Praise and scold appropriately • Consider paper training • Obedience training • Start with short sessions, work longer • Use proper equipment properly

20. Basics of Dog Grooming and Care • Hair coats: Brush daily, check for mats • Bathing: Only as needed with dog soap • Nails: Trim occasionally • Ears: Clean monthly, no sharp objects • Eyes: Use eyewash solution, keep free of irritants, rely on veterinary assistance • Teeth: Clean once or twice a week

21. Infectious Dog Diseases • Caused by pathogenic microorganisms able to invade and grow in living tissue • Examples • Canine distemper • Infectious canine hepatitis • Leptospirosis • Canine parvovirus infection • Infectious tracheobronchitis • Rabies

22. Noninfectious Dog Diseases • Caused by physical injuries or genetic defects or are noncontagious diseases • Examples • Heart disease • Cataracts • Glaucoma • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) • Cherry eye • Hip dysplasia

23. Fungal Dog Diseases • Ringworm • One of most common fungal diseases • Fungal organisms in dogs and cats, soil, and wild rodents • Systemic fungal infections • Blastomycosis • Histoplasmosis • Coccidioidomycosis

24. Internal Dog Parasites • Roundworms • Hookworms • Whipworms • Tapeworms • Heartworms

25. External Dog Parasites • Fleas • Ticks • Lice • Mites • Chiggers

26. Poisonings • Insecticides • Plants • Household chemicals • Herbicides • Medications • Metal poisonings • Antifreeze