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Electoral Process for Afghanistan 2004

Electoral Process for Afghanistan 2004. Topics. HISTORY ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED VOTERS REGISTRATION ELECTIONS PRESIDENT/VICE PRESIDENTS LEGISLATIVE BODIES. HISTORY. Bonn Agreement Involved: Delegations Kabul, Rome, Cyprus, Independent When: 27 Nov - 5 Dec 200[3] 1

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Electoral Process for Afghanistan 2004

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  1. Electoral Process for Afghanistan 2004

  2. Topics • HISTORY • ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED • VOTERS REGISTRATION • ELECTIONS • PRESIDENT/VICE PRESIDENTS • LEGISLATIVE BODIES

  3. HISTORY • Bonn Agreement • Involved: Delegations Kabul, Rome, Cyprus, Independent • When: 27 Nov - 5 Dec 200[3] 1 • Results: Interim authority and agenda for establishing A broad based, gender sensitive, multi ethnic and fully rep. • Emergency Loya Jirga • How Many: 1500 Elected + 200 Appointed • June 10th 2002 official opening • June 13th 2002 President Karzai appointed as chairman of TISA • June 19th 2002 President Karzai announced his Cabinet. • Constitutional Loya Jirga • Nov 2002 - January 04, 2004 three stages: • drafting, completion and approval • 502 members (450 elected and 52 appointed) • Purpose, results

  4. HISTORY • Feb 2002 establishment of UNAMA ELECTORAL COMPONENT(UEC) • 1ST Work plan, budget and voter registration strategy. • June 2003, Draft Plan and Budget completed for nationwide registration • Plan abandoned on grounds of Cost as full UN project • July 2003 Establishment of Interim Afghan Election Commission (IAEC) and Joint Election Management Body (JEMB). UN core budget approved to enable Int’l staff recruitment. Major proportion of voter registration project (VRP) to depend upon voluntary donations. • New Work Plan & Budget for August 2003 starting date of Registration • for nationwide registration.Voluntary Funding not provided, Plan abandoned. • New Work plan and Budget for phased and limited registration to start • December 2003 in 8 Regional cities launched October 2003. • December 1st Registration starts as planned, in deteriorated Security . • February 2004 Presidential Decree creates Afghan JEMB Secretariat, • to replace UEC to implement VR Project, UEC becomes Advisory.

  5. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED United Nations UNAMA, UNDP, UNOPS JEMB Secretariat & Advisory UEC Joint Electoral Management Body (JEMB) Security Institutions Ministry of Interior Ministry of Defense ISAF and Coalition International Support GRS, NDI, IFES,TAF

  6. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED JEMB • Established by presidential decree July,2003 • 6 Afghan members • 5 Int’l members (appointed by SRSG) • Legal authority to conduct VR and 2004 elections • Functions • Establishment of the regulatory framework • Supervision of the JEMBS • Registration of candidates • Deciding or referring complaints, disputes, challenges • Advising on whether the elections are free and fair • Certify, announce and facilitate implementation of results • All 2004 election plans and orders issued by/in name of JEMB

  7. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED UNAMA • Monitor, report, investigate and make recommendations on the exercise of political rights and other political/electoral processes. Conduct dialogue with local leaders and commanders to encourage participation. • Assist the government in attaining the political benchmarks required for a credible election. • Through the EAD and UEC provides international staff with UNDP Managed Voluntary Funding to the JEMB Secretariat (JEMBS) responsible for: • Supporting the JEMB and AIEC in the exercise of their functions and implement JEMB policy and decisions. • UEC provides advice, capacity building and support.

  8. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED Security Institutions • MOI for elections has oversight of all Afghan security forces • MOI / MOD / ISAF / Coalition will provide security during the elections

  9. Voters Registration Phase I: December 01 2003 to April 31, 2004 1.876,536 Eligible Voters Phase II: May 01 to August 20, 2004 9 Millions Eligible Voters. VOTERS REGISTRATION

  10. May 30, the JEMB reached a decision.   IOM selected to conduct Out-of-Country electoral processes.  MOUs presented to Iran and Pakistan on the May 31 and June 01.  MOUs signed on 12 July (Iran) and 20 July (Pakistan).  Consequently, 120 day plan reduced to 90 day plan, accepted by JEMB on July 11th. Pakistan to include both Registration and Voting.  Accordingly, significant reduction in the scale of the registration and voting coverage in Pakistan. Pakistan Registration started on October 01 and ended October 04. Over 700,000 people registered, 28% women. In Iran voting by Afghan refugees identified by being holders of the Iranian issued Amayesh Card. Election in Iran and Pakistan will be simultaneous with Afghanistan. OUT OF COUNTRY REGISTRAITON and VOTING

  11. Elections • How president elected • More than 50% of votes cast • If not majority, run-off election • two candidates with most votes • held within two weeks • Elections 30-60 days before end of term • Term is five years • Term expires 1st of Jawza, 5th yr after election • Pres/VP limited to two terms

  12. July August September October Presidential Elections: Timeline 20th August End of Voter Registration 6th October Campaign closes 7th September Campaign opens 26th July nominations close 10th July Nominations Open 10th August Final list of candidates published Media commission established Ballot papers arrive in Kabul 15th September 9th October Polling day 30th October Announcement of Results (if no run-off) 29th July Candidate list published

  13. October November December Run-Off Scenario 6November Announce Run-Off 5 December Announce Winner 9 October Election Jan. 20 November Re-Vote 4 January Inauguration

  14. President / Vice Presidents • President • Requirements • Citizen of Afghanistan • Muslim • Born of Afghan parents • By inauguration, age not less than 40 years • Considers supreme interests of the people of Afghanistan • Cannot act based on linguistic, ethnic, religious, political and regional considerations • Vice Presidents • Two VPs, “1st VP” and “2nd VP” • Chosen by the President • Chain of succession • First Vice President • Second Vice President • Chair of the Meshrano Jirga • Chair of the Wolesi Jirga • Foreign Minister

  15. Legislative Bodies Wolesi Jirga (Lower House) Meshrano Jirga (Upper House) Membership: # of Prov x 3 • 249 representatives • Distribution based on provincial population • Popular elections 1/3 1/3 1/3 District Councils Pop <20,000: 5 members … Pop >100,000: 15 members Provincial Councils Pop <500,000: 9 members Pop to 1,000,000: 15 members … Pop >3,000,000: 29 members President

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