AASHTO Research Advisory Committee July 24, 2012

1. Accelerating solutions for highway safety, renewal, reliability, and capacity Innovation in Lean Times AASHTO Research Advisory Committee July 24, 2012

2. A Brief History of SHRP 2 • Role of special-purpose research programs: focused, large-scale program of limited duration • Success of first SHRP: Superpave, winter maintenance • SHRP 2 proposed 2001; NCHRP with matching funds from FHWA develop detailed research plans • SAFETEA-LU authorized the program • $218 million, 9 years, ends 3/31/15

3. SHRP 2 Origin & Philosophy • Needs identified by State DOT and industry leaders—driven by customer-oriented goals: • Make highways safer: revolutionary change • Fix highways: address epidemic of aging infrastructure • Reduce congestion: increase physical and operational capacity • Success requires non-traditional approach: • Multiple disciplines • Collaboration with non-DOT stakeholders • Portfolio: from new knowledge to practical tools to allow existing innovations to be more widely used

4. Four Focus Areas • Safety: fielding the largest-ever naturalistic driving study to reduce crashes and save lives through understanding driver behavior • Renewal: making rapid, innovative construction possible for “ordinary” projects • Reliability: Providing management and technical tools to reduce congestion through operations • Capacity: Systematizing collaborative decision making to achieve better, faster project decisions

5. Program Governance • 50+ committees; 500+ members • Oversight Committee • Chair: Kirk Steudle, Michigan DOT • Majority of members from state DOTs • 4 Technical Coordinating Committees: • 46% current and recent state DOT employees • 11% other transportation agencies • 17% consultants, contractors, suppliers, auto mfrs, etc. • 10% federal, police, fire, other non-transportation • 16% researchers • Plus FHWA, AASHTO, and other liaisons • ETGs/TETGs • Transportation and non-transportation expertise

6. Status of Research Program:The Numbers • 106 contracts to date, 37 complete, 10-12 new contracts by end of 2012 • Nearly all of the $218 million is committed • More than 500 expert committee members • More than 300 research contractors • 49 reports published or in production/review • 30+ web tools, databases, software apps • 24+ pilots conducted with state DOTs

7. Safety: Strategic Rationale • Driver behavior is key: • Primary factor in two-thirds of crashes • Contributing factor in more than 90% of crashes • Hardest to study; the thing we know the least about • Opportunity: Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS): • Miniaturized sensor technologies & increased computing capacity: can observe real-world driving • Method proven with 100 car study at VA Tech • Crash, pre-crash, near-crash, and “normal” driving data • SHRP 2 scales up NDS for more robust results • 3000 drivers, 6 sites, all ages • Data to be available for other researchers for decades

8. Camera Image Samples 8 Source: VTTI

9. Safety Highlights • Progress on data collection: • 2,122 participants so far • 384,000 trips; 5 veh-yrs of data per day • 3,100 center-line miles of roadway data • Approval to collect cell phone records and “supplemental” data • First four analysis projects begun • Interest in using data from outside of SHRP 2 (FHWA, NHTSA, auto mfrs, academics, IIHS, AAA FTS, etc.)

10. Initial Analysis Projects Rural 2-lane curves – Iowa State University Ex. App : more cost-effective roadway measures to prevent crashes Offset left-turn bays – MRI Global Ex. App: cost-effective intersection design Driver inattention – SAFER, Chalmers Univ. Ex. App: vehicle technology to track driver attention, warn distracted drivers Crashes on congested freeways – U. of MN Ex. App: effective methods to warn drivers of downstream congestion 10

11. Renewal: Strategic Rationale • Facilities are aging, users depend on them: • Renew infrastructure quickly • Have minimal impact on users • Produce long-lasting facilities • We know how to do this—on special projects • What keeps us from doing it consistently across the system? • Lack of standard methods, specs • Lack of reliable performance/usage information • Human/institutional challenges • SHRP 2 seeks to overcome these obstacles

12. Renewal Highlights • Vermont Transportation Agency piloting ABC tools in repair of bridges damaged in Tropical Storm Irene—building local expertise • Illinois Tollway saving $350,000 using a modular pavement technology & guidelines from SHRP 2 • WSDOT used SHRP 2 interactive design guide to select rehab strategy for segment of I-5: saved 30% on agency costs, 50% on user costs • DOT/RR Community of Interest to share/update model agreements & best practices (7 SDOTs, 4 Class I RRs, AASHTO, Rail America, FHWA, FRA, and Manitoba Infrastructure Transportation)

13. Capacity tackles recurring congestion CONGESTION Reliability tackles nonrecurring congestion Reliability & Capacity

14. Reliability Strategic Rationale • Non-recurring events account for more than half of congestion • Impact of these events on users is reduced travel time reliability (TTR) • TTR is valuable to users • TTR is a good tool to measure performance and develop and target improvements • What do we need to effectively use TTR? • Ways to measure and monitor TTR • Integration of TTR into modeling, planning, programming, and design. • Ops-oriented business practices, training

15. Reliability Highlights • Multi-agency incident response training very well-received; FHWA using SHRP 2 material in an effort to train 1 million responders • Assessment tool and guide to becoming an operation-oriented agency has been incorporated into AASHTO SSOM web tool. • Special session at AASHTO Board of Directors on benefits of operations and availability of resources for states • Easy-to-use spreadsheet to assess effect of design on delay and TTR, including benefit/cost

16. Capacity Strategic Rationale • Sometimes you just need more highway • Why don’t we get it when we need it? • Multiple independent decision points that must collectively satisfy a range of goals: engineering, economic, environmental, community • Decisions to be “lost” or revisited, which can cause opposition and delay • Facilitate and expedite key decisions: get the right information to the right people at the right time, avoid re-do loops

17. Capacity Highlights • 8 pilot tests of tools in real projects: • Web tool-guide for collaborative decision-making • Integrated approach to resource conservation, impact mitigation, expedited project delivery • Building foundation in freight area: • Demand modeling & data improvement strategic plan • Workshop on potential uses of private supply chain data • 2 modeling & data innovations symposia, awards

18. Research to Implementation Research Development Implementation

19. Development requires close collaboration with users to ensure that innovations work in real-world situations.