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Databases and GIS

Databases and GIS. Benjamin Post Cole Kelleher. Databases: Chapter 2. Encyclopedia Articles: PostGIS , C. Strobl , pp. 891-898.  Oracle Spatial, Geometries, R. Kothuri and S. Ravada , page 821-826 . GRASS, M. Halbey -Martin, pp. 413-418. 

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Databases and GIS

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  1. Databases and GIS Benjamin Post Cole Kelleher

  2. Databases: Chapter 2 • Encyclopedia Articles: • PostGIS, C. Strobl, pp. 891-898.  • Oracle Spatial, Geometries, R. Kothuri and S. Ravada, page 821-826. • GRASS, M. Halbey-Martin, pp. 413-418.  • Oracle Spatial, Raster Data, Q. Xie, page 826-832. 

  3. Primary means of storage for GIS • Structured Query Language (SQL) • Extensions based on DBMS • Strong discussion on Computer Science principles • Database storage structures • Database types: Relational vs Object-Orientation Relevance to Course

  4. Foundation for GIS • Primary storage method of GIS data • Database properties • Defined level of availability • Defined levels of performance • Data integrity • Data independence • Self describing data • Types • Relational • Object-Orientation Related Material in Textbook

  5. Covered the history and current development of several spatial DBMS • Oracle • Spatial • GeoRaster • PostGIS • Extension for PostgreSQL • Geographic Resources Analysis Support Software (GRASS) Novelty in Encyclopedia Articles

  6. How are these ideas used in society? • Databases are ubiquitous • Primary storage method for Big Data • How did they transform society? • Consolidation of information • Means to extract information to obtain knowledge • Pattern recognition and trends Societal Motivation

  7. Efficiency • Fast and efficient way to store and retrieve large amounts of data • Necessary for Big Data in the 21st Century • Application in GIS • Allows for GIS to handle large amounts of data • Increases the productivity of GIS operations and analysis tools • Provides data management for large amounts of complex data Computer Science Motivation

  8. Geometries in Oracle Spatial are split into two data types: • SDO_GEOMETRY • Stores the geometry as is. • Requires a larger storage space due to redundancy. • Useful for queries that retrieve the entire geometry of a feature. • SDO_TOPO_GEOMETRY • Stores geometry using topological elements. • Allows for topology management over multiple features. • Decreased redundancy and thus decreased storage space. • Supports topological queries and processing Oracle Spatial is an open format and is compliant on a large number of platforms. Geometry data types are restricted to two dimensions. Oracle Spatial – Geometries and Rasters

  9. GeoRaster in Oracle Spatial is used to handle raster data. • Uses its own “GeoRaster” data type to standardize the rasters stored in the database instead of storing the variety of raster file types that exist. • Employs the SDO_GEORASTER data type for the storage of the raster data. • Also uses the SDO_GEOMETRY data type to store the spatial extent of the raster data for ease of indexing. • This is a logically layered multidimensional data model that stores each raster band as a layer. • Further development needed in geoprocessing and modeling capabilities.

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