43. IDIOM

1. 43. IDIOM • Definition – expression peculiar to a particular language that means something different from the literal meaning of each word. • Example: “That idiot was as dumb as a door knob.” • Memorization Tip: Think IDIOM = IDIOT

2. 44. IMAGERY • Definition – language that appeals to the senses • Example –The crescent moon glowed brightly as the wind blew the long, dry brown grass back and forth. • Memorization Tip: IMAGERY

3. 45. INVERSION • Definition – reversal of the normal word order of a sentence. Authors use this to grab attention and evoke emphasis. • Example: Wonderful Ms. Tran is. Scholars you are. Hungry I am. A VERSION of the writer’s word order. • Memorization Tip: THINK YODA!

4. Language Activity #13 ROOT: —Cog MEANING: think, know EXAMPLE: cognizant : aware, mindful Come up w/ 2 words using the root: 1.______________2._____________

5. 46. IRONY • Definition – contrast between expectation and reality-between what is said and what is really meant, between what is expected to happen and what really does happened, or between what appears to be rue and what is really true. • Contrast between expectations and reality. There are 3 kinds. • VERBAL IRONY: VERBAL = SPOKEN WORDS • SITUATIONAL IRONY: You’re in situations that you wouldn’t expect would happen. • DRAMATIC IRONY: You’re sitting in a theater watching a dramatic movie and you know what happens when the characters don’t.

6. 47. LYRIC POETRY • Definition –poetry that does not tell a story but is aimed only at expressing a speaker’s emotions or thoughts. • Think lyrics from a song. This poetry is musical and emotional. • The writer of a lyric poem uses words that express his state of mind, his perceptions, or his feelings.    • Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed.

7. 48. METAPHOR • Definition – figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, in which one thing becomes another thing without the use of the word like, as, than, or resembles. • A comparison FOR 2 unlike things without the words like, than, as, or resembles. • THINK ABOUT THIS MATH EQUATION: METAPHOR (4) TWO (2) = 2 unlike things being compared

8. 49. METER Definition – generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry. • of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry. • Ways people read poetry –they emphasize certain syllables • Think meter …measure…way to measure syllables.

9. 50. MOOD • Definition - a story’s atmosphere or the feeling it evokes. • Think moody = Feeling something? • The feeling a story evokes!

10. 51. MYTH • Definition – traditional story that is rooted in a particular culture, is basically religious, and usually serves to explain a belief, a ritual, or a mysterious natural phenomenon. • Story based in a particular culture. • Think mythical creatures. • Think Lochness monster! • Think Big Foot! • Think werewolves!

11. 52. NARRATION • Definition – type of writing or speaking that tells about a series of related events. • A type of writing where the speaker tells what happens. • Think narrator who tells a story.

12. 53. NARRATOR • Definition – the voice telling a story. • Voice telling a story/ Point of view. • 1st person • Omniscient • Third person limited

13. 54. Non-Fiction • Definition – prose writing that deals with real people, things, events, and places. • Writing that deals with real people, real things, real events, and real places. • Think NON-FICTION NOT-FAKE

14. 55. NOVEL • Definition – fictional prose narrative usually consisting of more than fifty thousand words. • Fictional prose narrative usually consisting of more than 50,000 words. • WHAT A NOVELTY! HOW GRAND! WHAT A LONG STORY!

15. 56. ONOMATOPOEIA • Definition – use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning. • ONO = AWW NO!!! • SOUNDS. SOUNDS. SOUNDS!!!

16. 57. PARADOX • Definition – statement or situation that seems to be a contradiction but reveals a truth. • PARA= not normal, strange, wondering • “The Gift of the Magi” – Della and Jim are the richest couple on earth. (rich in love but not in money) • Nobody goes to that restaurant, it's too crowded. • Don't go near the water until you've learned to swim. • The man who wrote such a stupid sentence cannot write at all. • If you get this message, call me; if you don't, then don't worry about it.

17. 58. PARALLELISM • Definition – repetition of words, phrases, or sentences that have the same grammatical structure or that state a similar idea. • Repetition of words or phrases or sentences that have the same GRAMMATICAL structure “I came, I saw, I conquered.” – Julius Caesar

18. 59. PERSONA • Definition – mask or voice assumed by a write • Mask or voice assumed by the writer • The author takes on another PERSON’s view point

19. 60. Personification • Definition – kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked about as if it were human. • A kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked about as if it were human. • PERSON = HUMAN • You are making something nonhuman HUMAN. • The wind whispers.

20. 61. Plot • Definition – series of related event that make up a story or drama. • Series of related events that make up a story or drama. • Plot = think of a chain. All of these events link together.

21. 62. Poetry • Definition – type of rhythmic, compressed language that uses figures of speech and imagery to appeal to the reader’s emotions and imagination. • KEY WORDS: rhythmic, uses figurative language and imagery to appeal to a reader’s emotions and imagination. • Ex. Legal Alien • “A handy token sliding back and forth between the fringes of both worlds.”

22. 63. POINT OF VIEW • Definition – vantage point from which a writer tells a story. In broad terms there are three possible points of view: omniscient, first person, and third person limited. • Omniscient = all-knowing (OMMMM = sounds like a prayer…God-Like…knows everything!) • 1st person = 1st person pronoun “I” (Think 1 looks like I) • 3rd person = Third person pronouns He, she, they, it (Number 3 rhymes with HE, SHE) • Vantage POINT = POINT of VIEW

23. 64.PROTAGONIST • Definition – main character in fiction or drama. • Main character • PRO = YES the character you are rooting for.

24. 65. PUN • Definition – play on the multiple meanings of a word or on two words that sound alike but have different meanings. • Play on multiple meanings of words. • Pun rhymes with FUN. Think funny jokes. • How do you make a tissue dance? You put a BOOGIE in it. Boogie – Booger Boogie – Dance

25. 66. REFRAIN • Definition – repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines. • Repeated words. • “Hey, hey, HEY.” • This phrase is repeated throughout his song. Think REfrain = REpeat

26. 67. RHYME • Definition – repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together in a poem. • Repetition of sounds that are similar. • End rhyme = rhyme at the END of the line Ms. Tran’s scholars will score 858, This will make our school so great. • Internal rhyme = rhyme INSIDE the line Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered weak and weary

27. 68. RYTHYM • Definition – musical quality in language produced by repetition. • Think rhythm, think music. MUSICAL QUALITY in language.

28. 69. SATIRE • Definition – type of writing that ridicules something – a person, a group of people, humanity at large, an attitude or failing, a social institution-in order to reveal a weakness. • SATIRE – PUT SOMETHING UNDER FIRE (“put on blast”) • Making fun of something 

29. 70. SCENE DESIGN • Definition – sets, lights, costumes, and props, which bring a play to life onstage. • SCENE in a PLAY. • What sets, lights, costumes, and props do they use?

30. 71. Setting • Definition – a time and place of a story or play • Where a story is SET. • The real HOMS  • “windows that can’t breathe” • “swollen door”

31. 72. SHORT STORY • Definition – short, concentrated, fictional prose narrative • LOOK FOR THE WORD SHORT in the answer choices, and you’ve got the right answer. You’re welcome.

32. 73. SIMILE • Definition – figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike tings, using a word such as like, as resembles, or than. • A comparison between 2 unlike things USING the words like, as, than, or resembles. • My scholars are as bright as the sun.

33. 74. SOLILOQUY • Definition – long speech in which a character who is onstage alone expresses his or her thoughts aloud • speech given by a character alone by themselves. • SOLO = alone • SOLOlilquy…

34. 75. SONNET • Definition – fourteen-line lyric poem that is usually written in iambic pentameter and that has one of several rhyme schemes. • Think of a woman who had 14 sons. • She wrote a 14 line poem about how she had a net of sons.

35. 76. SPEAKER • Definition – voice that is talking to us in a poem. • Voice talking to us in a poem. • You hear a voice over the SPEAKER. • “Legal Alien” = voice of a Mexican American who is lost in her culture.

36. 77. STANZA • Definition – group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit. • GROUP OF CONSECUTIVE LINES IN A POEM THAT FORM A SINGLE UNIT. • Think STANZA, STANDS ALONE • The chunks of a poem.

37. 78. STYLE • Definition – the particular way in which a write uses language • PARTICULAR WAY AN AUTHOR USES LANGUAGE. • Just like YOU have a fashion style to wear clothes your way, authors use language in different ways to create style. • Edgar Allan Poe = scary, moody, emotional, twisted = represented through his repetition and varies short and long sentences.

38. 79. SUSPENSE • Definition – uncertainty or anxiety the reader feels about what is going to happen next in the story • ANXIETY the reader feels about the reading. • SUSPENSE…what events will COMMENCE?! • Someone thinks you’re a suspect for a murder..you get NERVOUS...you get ANXIETY!!

39. 80. SYMBOL • Definition – person, place, thing, or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself as well • SYMBOL is SOMETHING that STANDS for SOMETHING

40. 81. TALL TALE • Definition – exaggerated, far-fetched story that is obviously untrue but is told as though it should be believed. • That mountain is SO tall and SO far. • A tale that is exaggerated and far-fetched (unbelievable). • Paul Bunyan : giant, tall lumberjack

41. 82. THEME • Definition – central idea of a work of literature • CENTRAL IDEA OF A WORK. • Usually a phrase *Love conquers all. *War tears people apart.

42. 83. TONE • Definition – attitude a writer takes toward a subject, a character, or the audience • Attitude a writer has towards a subject. • Think of your mother saying, “WATCH THAT TONE OF VOICE YOUNG LADY…”

43. 84. TRAGEDY • Definition – play that depicts serious and important events in which the main character comes to an unhappy end • UNHAPPY ENDING • OPPOSITE OF COMEDY.

44. 85. VOICE • Definition – the writer’s or speaker’s distinctive use of language in a text • Distinctive use of language in a text. • The speaker may be a mother and her voice is motherly, nurturing, caring, and loving. • The author uses specific words (language) to create the character of the mother. • “Honey…” “M’am”

45. Term # 86. ARGUMENT • Definition: a series of statements in a text designed to convince us of something • Example: Persuasive Essay – you argue your opinion • Memorization Tip: You get into an arGUMent with your teacher on why you should be able to chew GUM in class.

46. 87. CAUSE and EFFECT • Definition – a text structure that shows how or why one thing leads to another. • HOW and WHY one thing leads to another. • Do not study for the test  Poor score on the test • Bad attitude in class  Parent conference • Be rude and disrespectful in class  Receive a referral • Drop out of high school  Earn minimum wage

47. 88.CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER • Definition –the arrangement of details in time order, that is, in the order in which they occurred • TIME ORDER. • CHRO • CHROME… • CHROME watches • Watches tell time..

48. 89. CLAIM • Definition – the idea or opinion that a writer tries to prove or defend in an argument. • CLAIM = OPINION • CLAIM rhymes with LAME • My opinion is that dogs are lame.

49. COHERENT • Definition – logically integrated, consistent, and understandable

50. ALLEGORY • SYMBOLIC STORY (characters/events/actions STAND for something) • ALLEGORY RHYMES WITH STORY!!! • “The Golden Kite, Silver Wind” (2 towns building walls represent 2 countries in an arms race)