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Splash Screen. The German Path to War. Adolf Hitler believed that Germany could build a great civilization. . To do this, Germany needed more land to support more German people.  He wanted lands in the east in the Soviet Union and prepared for war. 

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. The German Path to War Adolf Hitler believed that Germany could build a great civilization. To do this, Germany needed more land to support more German people.  He wanted lands in the east in the Soviet Union and prepared for war.  His plan was to use the land for German settlements.  The Slavic people would become slaves. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-7

  3. The German Path to War (cont.) Hitler proposed that Germany be able to revise the unfair provisions of the Treaty of Versailles that had ended World War I. At first he said he would use peaceful means.  However, in March of 1935, he created a new air force and began a military draft. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-8

  4. The German Path to War (cont.) France, Great Britain, and Italy condemned Hitler’s moves. Due to problems at home caused by the Great Depression, however, they were not prepared to take action.  Hitler became convinced that the Western states would not stop him from breaking the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-9

  5. The German Path to War (cont.) In March of 1936, Hitler sent German troops into the Rhineland, which was supposed to be a demilitarized area. France would not oppose Germany for this treaty violation without British support.  Great Britain saw Hitler’s actions as reasonable and therefore did not call for a military response. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-10

  6. The German Path to War (cont.) This was the beginning of the policy of appeasement, one based on the belief that if European states satisfied the reasonable demands of dissatisfied states, the dissatisfied states would be content, and peace would be preserved. (pages 809–812) Section 1-11

  7. The German Path to War (cont.) Hitler gained new allies. Benito Mussolini was the Fascist leader of Italy.  He invaded Ethiopia in 1935 with the support of German troops.  In 1936, both Italy and Germany sent troops to Spain to support General Francisco Franco. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-12

  8. The German Path to War (cont.) Later in the year, Hitler and Mussolini became allies and formed the Rome-Berlin Axis. Germany also signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan forming an alliance against communism. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-13

  9. The German Path to War (cont.) By 1937, Germany had become a very powerful nation. In 1938, Hitler pursued a long-held goal, union with Austria, or Anschluss.  By threatening to invade Austria, Hitler forced the Austrians to put Austrian Nazis in charge of the government.  The new government then invited German troops into Austria to “help” maintain order.  Hitler then annexed Austria to Germany. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-14

  10. The German Path to War (cont.) In 1938, Hitler demanded that the Sudetenland in northwestern Czechoslovakia be given to Germany.  The British, French, Italian, and German representatives then met in Munich.  Britain, France, and Italy gave in to all of Hitler’s demands.  German troops were allowed into Czechoslovakia. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-15

  11. The German Path to War (cont.) After the Munich Conference, the British prime minister, Neville Chamberlain, announced that the settlement meant “peace for our time.”  He believed Hitler’s promises that Germany would make no more demands.  After Munich, Hitler was even more convinced that France and Great Britain would not fight.  In March of 1939, Hitler invaded western Czechoslovakia, and made a Nazi puppet state out of Slovakia in eastern Czechoslovakia. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-16

  12. The German Path to War (cont.) France and Great Britain began to react. Great Britain said it would protect Poland if Hitler invaded.  France and Britain began negotiations with Joseph Stalin, the Soviet dictator.  They knew that they would need the Soviet Union to help contain the Nazis. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-17

  13. The German Path to War (cont.) Hitler was afraid of an alliance between the West and the Soviet Union.  In August of 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact.  They promised not to attack each other.  Hitler offered Stalin eastern Poland and the Baltic states.  Hitler knew that eventually he would break the pact.  However, it enabled him to invade Poland without fear. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-18

  14. The German Path to War (cont.) On September 1, Germany invaded Poland.  Two days later, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. (pages 809–812) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-19

  15. The Japanese Path to War In September 1931, Japanese soldiers seized Manchuria. The Japanese claimed that the Chinese had attacked them.  In fact, the Japanese had staged the attack themselves disguised as Chinese soldiers.  When the League of Nations investigated and condemned the attack, Japan withdrew from the league.  For several years, Japan strengthened its hold on Manchuria, which it renamed Manchukuo. (pages 812–813) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-21

  16. The Japanese Path to War (cont.) By the mid-1930s, militants had gained control of Japanese politics. The United States opposed the Japanese takeover of Manchuria but did nothing to stop it. (pages 812–813) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-22

  17. The Japanese Path to War (cont.) Chiang Kai-shek tried to avoid a war with Japan. He was more concerned with the threat from the Chinese Communists.  He tried to appease Japan by allowing the Japanese to occupy parts of northern China.  Japan moved steadily southward.  In December 1936, Chiang formed a united front against the Japanese. (pages 812–813) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-23

  18. The Japanese Path to War (cont.) In July 1937, the Chinese and Japanese clashed south of Beijing.  The Japanese seized the capital of Nanjing.  Chiang Kai-shek refused to surrender and moved the capital. (pages 812–813) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-24

  19. The Japanese Path to War (cont.) Japanese military leaders wanted to establish a New Order in East Asia. The order would include Japan, Manchuria, and China.  The Japanese thought that, as the only modernized country, they could guide the other East Asian nations to prosperity. (pages 812–813) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-25

  20. The Japanese Path to War (cont.) The Japanese planned to seize Soviet Siberia. During the 1930s, Japan began to cooperate with Nazi Germany.  The Japanese thought that they and Germany could defeat the Soviet Union and divide its resources. (pages 812–813) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-26

  21. The Japanese Path to War (cont.) The Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact forced the Japanese to rethink their goals. The Japanese needed natural resources.  They looked to expand into Southeast Asia for sources.  At the same time they knew that they risked strong response from European colonial powers and the United States.  They decided to take the risk. (pages 812–813) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-27

  22. The Japanese Path to War (cont.) In 1940, the Japanese demanded the right to exploit economic resources in French Indochina.  The United States responded by imposing economic sanctions, or restrictions on trade that are intended to enforce international law, unless Japan withdrew to its borders of 1931. (pages 812–813) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-28

  23. The Japanese Path to War (cont.) The Japanese badly needed oil and scrap iron from the United States.  The economic sanctions were a very real threat. In the end, after long debate, Japan decided to launch a surprise attack on U.S. and European colonies in Southeast Asia. (pages 812–813) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 1-29

  24. Europe at War The 1939 invasion of Poland by Germany took just four weeks. The speed and efficiency of the German army stunned the world.  Called blitzkrieg (“lightning war”), the Germans used panzer divisions (strike forces of about 300 tanks and soldiers) that were supported by airplanes.  On September 28, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-7

  25. Europe at War (cont.) In the spring of 1940, Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway. In May, Germany attacked the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.  The German armies broke through French lines and moved across northern France.  The French had fortified their border with Germany along the Maginot Line, but the Germans surprised them by going around it. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-8

  26. Europe at War (cont.) The Germans trapped the entire British army and French forces on the beaches of Dunkirk. The British navy and private boats were able to evacuate 338,000 Allied troops, barely averting a complete disaster. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-9

  27. Europe at War (cont.) On June 22, the French signed an armistice with the Germans, who occupied three-fifths of France. An authoritarian French regime under German control was set up to govern the rest of the country.  Led by Marshal Henri Pétain, it was named Vichy France.  Germany now controlled western and central Europe.  Only Britain remained undefeated. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-10

  28. Europe at War (cont.) The British asked the United States for help. The United States had a strict policy of isolationism.  A series of neutrality acts passed in the 1930s prevented the United States from involvement in European conflicts.  Though President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounced the Germans, the United States did nothing at first. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-11

  29. Europe at War (cont.) Roosevelt wanted to repeal the neutrality acts and help Great Britain. Over time, the laws were slowly relaxed, and the United States sent food, ships, planes, and weapons to Britain. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-12

  30. Europe at War (cont.) Hitler understood that he could not attack Britain by sea unless he first controlled the air.  In August 1940, the Luftwaffe–German air force–began a major bombing offensive against military targets in Britain.  Aided by a good radar system, the British fought back but suffered critical losses. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-13

  31. Europe at War (cont.) In September, Hitler retaliated to a British attack on Berlin by shifting attacks from military targets to British cities.  He hoped to break British morale. However, the shift in strategy allowed the British to rebuild their air power and inflict crippling losses on the Germans.  Having lost the Battle of Britain, Hitler postponed the invasion of Britain indefinitely at the end of September. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-14

  32. Europe at War (cont.) Hitler was convinced that the way to defeat Britain was to first smash the Soviet Union.  He thought that the British were resisting only because they were expecting Soviet support.  He also thought that the Soviets could be easily defeated.  He planned to invade in the spring of 1941 but was delayed by problems in the Balkans. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-15

  33. Europe at War (cont.) After the Italians had failed to capture Greece in 1940, the British still held air bases there.  Hitler seized Greece and Yugoslavia in April 1941. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-16

  34. Europe at War (cont.) Then Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941.  The attack on the Soviet Union stretched out for 1,800 miles.  German troops moved quickly and captured two million Russian soldiers by November.  The Germans were within 25 miles of Moscow. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-17

  35. Europe at War (cont.) However, winter came early in 1941 and, combined with fierce Russian resistance, forced the Germans to halt.  This marked the first time in the war that the Germans had been stopped.  The Germans were not equipped for the bitter Russian winter.  In December, the Soviet army counterattacked. (pages 814–817) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-18

  36. Japan at War On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. They also attacked the Philippines and the British colony of Malaya.  Soon after, they invaded the Dutch East Indies and other islands in the Pacific Ocean.  In spite of some fierce resistance in places such as the Philippines, by the spring of 1942, the Japanese controlled almost all of Southeast Asia and much of the western Pacific. (pages 817–818) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

  37. Japan at War (cont.) The Japanese created the Greater East-Asia Coprosperity Sphere, which included the entire region under Japanese control. Japan announced its intention to liberate colonial nations in Southeast Asia, but it first needed their natural resources.  The Japanese treated the occupied countries as conquered lands. (pages 817–818) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-21

  38. Japan at War (cont.) The Japanese thought that their attacks on the U.S. fleet would destroy the U.S. Navy and lead the Americans to accept Japanese domination in the Pacific. However, the attack on Pearl Harbor had the opposite effect.  It united the American people and convinced the nation that it should enter the war against Japan. (pages 817–818) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-22

  39. Japan at War (cont.) Hitler thought that the Americans would be too involved in the Pacific to fight in Europe. Four days after Pearl Harbor, he declared war on the United States.  World War II had become a global war. (pages 817–818) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-23

  40. The Allies Advance A new coalition was formed called the Grand Alliance. It included Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States.  The three nations agreed to focus on military operations and ignore political differences.  They agreed in 1943 to fight until the Axis Powers–Germany, Italy, and Japan–surrendered unconditionally. (pages 818–821) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-25

  41. The Allies Advance (cont.) At the beginning of 1942, the Germans continued to fight the war against Britain and the Soviet Union. The Germans were also fighting in North Africa.  The Afrika Korps under General Erwin Rommel broke through British lines in Egypt and advanced on Alexandria.  During the spring, the Germans captured the entire Crimea in the Soviet Union. (pages 818–821) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-26

  42. The Allies Advance (cont.) By the fall of 1942, the war had turned against the Germans.  In the summer of 1942, the British in North Africa had stopped the Germans at El Alamein.  The Germans retreated.  In November, British and American forces invaded French North Africa and forced the German and Italian troops to surrender by May. (pages 818–821) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-27

  43. The Allies Advance (cont.) On the Eastern Front, Hitler decided to attack Stalingrad, a major Soviet industrial center.  Between November 1942 and February 1943 the Soviets counterattacked.  They surrounded the Germans and cut off their supply lines.  In May, the Germans were forced to surrender.  They lost some of their best troops.  Hitler then realized that he would not defeat the Soviet Union. (pages 818–821) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-28

  44. The Allies Advance (cont.) In 1942, the Allies had their first successes in the Pacific.  In the Battle of the Coral Sea in May, American naval forces stopped the Japanese and saved Australia from invasion.  In June, the Battle of Midway Islandwas the turning point in the Pacific war.  U.S. planes destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers and established naval superiority. (pages 818–821) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-29

  45. The Allies Advance (cont.) By the fall of 1942, Allied forces were about to begin two major operation plans against Japan.  One, led by General Douglas MacArthur, would move into the Philippines through New Guinea and the South Pacific Islands.  The other would move across the Pacific, capturing some of the Japanese-held islands and ending up in Japan.  By November 1942, after fierce battles in the Solomon Islands, the Japanese power was diminishing. (pages 818–821) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-30

  46. Last Years of the War By early 1943, the tide had turned against the Axis forces.  In May, the Axis forces surrendered in Tunisia.  The Allies then moved north and invaded Italy in September.  Winston Churchill called Italy the “soft underbelly” of Europe. (pages 821–822) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-32

  47. Last Years of the War (cont.) After the Allies captured Sicily, Mussolini was removed from office. The king arrested him.  A new Italian government offered to surrender to the Allies.  However, the Germans rescued Mussolini and set him up as dictator of a puppet German state in northern Italy. (pages 821–822) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-33

  48. Last Years of the War (cont.) The Germans established a strong defense south of Rome.  The Allies had very heavy casualties as they slowly advanced north.  They did not take Rome until June 4, 1944.  The Allies had long been planning a “second front” in western Europe.  They planned to invade France from Great Britain across the English Channel.  On June 6, 1944 (D-Day), the Allies under U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the beaches in Normandy. (pages 821–822) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-34

  49. Last Years of the War (cont.) Though the Germans were expecting the invasion to take place in another location, there was still heavy resistance.  However, because the Germans thought the invasion was a diversion, they were slow to respond.  This gave the Allies the chance to set up a beachhead.  By landing two million men and a half-million vehicles, the Allies eventually broke through the German lines. (pages 821–822) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-35

  50. Last Years of the War (cont.) After the breakout, the Allies moved south and east.  French resistance fighters rose up in German-occupied Paris.  Paris was liberated by the end of August. In March of 1945, the Allies crossed the Rhine River.  In the north they linked up with the Soviet army that was moving from the east. (pages 821–822) Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the information. Section 2-36

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