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System Unit

Chapter 4. System Unit. Overview. Describe System Unit Components Identify Motherboard Components Describe Processor Functions Explain Computer Data Representation Differentiate Memory Types Differentiate Ports & Connectors. System Unit. Case Containing Electronic Components.

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System Unit

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  1. Chapter 4 System Unit

  2. Overview • Describe System Unit Components • Identify Motherboard Components • Describe Processor Functions • Explain Computer Data Representation • Differentiate Memory Types • Differentiate Ports & Connectors

  3. System Unit • Case Containing Electronic Components

  4. Common Components • Processor • Memory • Adapter Cards • Video • Sound • Modem • Network • Ports • Drive Bays • Power Supply

  5. Motherboard • Main Circuit Board in System Unit • Contains • Processor • Memory • Adapter Cards • Chips • Integrated Circuits

  6. Processor • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Interprets & Executes Basic Instructions • Components • Control Unit • Directs & Coordinates Operations • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) • Arithmetic (+-*/) • Comparison (=<>) • Logical (and or not)

  7. Processor • System Clock • Controls Timing of All Operations • Generates Ticks • Regular Electronic Pulses • Smallest Unit of Time Recognized by a Device

  8. Processor • System Clock • Processor Speed Measured by Ticks/Second • MHz – One Million Ticks/Second • Type 100 Words/Minute = 8 Characters/Second • 8088 Processor @ 4.77 MHz • Character ► 50,000 Other Tasks ► Character • GHz – One Billion Ticks per Second

  9. Processor • Machine Cycle • Fetch • Obtain Instruction From Memory • Decode • Translate Instruction to Commands • Execute • Carry Out Command • Store • Write Result to Memory • CPU Executes 1-3+ Cycles per Tick

  10. Processor • Machine Cycle Example 1) Fetch instruction: “Get number at address 123456” 2) Decode instruction 3) Execute: ALU finds the number (which is 5) 4) Store: The number ‘5’ is stored in a register 5 – 8)  Repeat steps for another number (which is 6) 9) Fetch instruction: “Add number in Reg1 to Reg2” 10) Decode instruction 11) Execute: ALU adds the numbers 12) Store: The answer is stored in a register 13) Fetch instruction: “Display answer on screen” 14) Decode instruction 15) Execute: Display answer on screen

  11. Processor • Cooling Systems • Heat Sink • Component that Cools Processor • Heat Pipe • Used in Notebooks • Liquid Cooling • Continuous Fluid Flow Transfers Heat Away

  12. Data Representation • Binary • Most Computers are Digital • Recognize Two Discrete States • On / Off • Equivalent Numbering System • Bits (Binary Digit) • Two Unique Digits • 0 / 1

  13. 3 5 D Data Representation • Byte • Eight Bits Grouped Together • Represent • Numbers • Uppercase & Lowercase Letters • Punctuation • Special Characters

  14. Data Representation • Coding Systems • ASCII • PC • EBCDIC • Mainframe • Unicode • Other Languages

  15. Memory • One or More Chips on Motherboard • Each Byte Stored in Unique Location • Address • Stores Three Basic Categories of Items • OS & Other System Software • Application Program Instructions • Data Being Processed & Resulting Info

  16. Memory • Sizes

  17. Memory • RAM (Random Access Memory) • Read From / Written To by Processor • Volatile • Content Lost When Power is Absent • More = Faster Operation • DRAM (Dynamic) • Standard • SRAM (Static) • MRAM (Magnetoresistive)

  18. Memory • Location • Memory Resides on Small Circuit Board • Memory Module • Memory Slots Hold Memory Modules • On Motherboard

  19. Memory • System Requirements • Based on Types of Applications Used • Cache • Speeds Computer Processes • Stores Frequently Used Instructions & Data

  20. Memory • ROM (Read Only Memory) • Stores Permanent Data & Instructions • Non-volatile • Types • Firmware – Permanently Written Data • BIOS (Basic Input / Output System) • Sequence of Instructions to Start Computer • PROM – Blank • EEPROM – Electrically Erasable PROM

  21. Memory • Flash • Non-volatile • Can be Erased & Reprogrammed • Used in • Cell Phone • Digital Camera • MP3 Player • USB Storage

  22. Additional Functionality • Expansion Slots & Adapter Cards • Expansion Slot • Socket on Motherboard Holds Adapter Card • Adapter Card • Enhances System Unit • Provides Connections to Peripherals • Plug n’ Play • Automatically Configured When Installed

  23. Additional Functionality • Port • Connects Peripheral to System Unit • Connector • Joins Cable to Peripheral • Male or Female

  24. Additional Functionality • Ports & Connectors

  25. Additional Functionality • USB (Universal Serial Bus) • Printer, Digital Camera, Phone, Flash, etc. • Bluetooth • Wireless • Firewire • Data Transfer • IrDA • Wireless Data Transfer

  26. Bus • Pathway Used to Communicate • On Motherboard • Allows Devices to Communicate with Each Other • Data Bus • Address Bus • Bus Width • Word • Number of Bits Processor can Use at Once

  27. Other Components • Bay • Opening Inside System Unit • Used to Install Additional Equipment • Typically Holds Disk Drives • Power Supply • Converts AC Power into DC Power • Fan Keeps System Unit Components Cool

  28. Maintenance • Clean Device Once or Twice a Year • Turn Off & Unplug Device • Compressed Air to Blow Out Dust • Clean Case Exterior • Antistatic Wipe • Clean Monitor • Cleaning Solution & Soft Cloth

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