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Forum on Environmentally Friendly Activity in Western Cities Urumqi, Xinjiang July 13-14, 2006

Western Development: Investing for the Future 西部发展：着眼于未来 Daniel J. Dudek Chief Economist 杜丹德 首席经济学家. Forum on Environmentally Friendly Activity in Western Cities Urumqi, Xinjiang July 13-14, 2006. Overview 概述. Introduction to Environmental Defense 美国环保协会介绍

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Forum on Environmentally Friendly Activity in Western Cities Urumqi, Xinjiang July 13-14, 2006

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  1. Western Development:Investing for the Future西部发展：着眼于未来Daniel J. DudekChief Economist杜丹德首席经济学家 Forum on Environmentally Friendly Activity in Western Cities Urumqi, Xinjiang July 13-14, 2006

  2. Overview概述 • Introduction to Environmental Defense 美国环保协会介绍 • Experience we have developed in the U.S.美国经验 • Environmental Defense in China美国环保协会在中国 • Introduction to our work in Xinjiang 在新疆的工作介绍 • Recommendations for Western Development西部开发的建议

  3. Introduction to Environmental 美国环保协会介绍

  4. Beijing

  5. Economic Incentives 经济刺激

  6. US Experience美国经验 • Partnership with Government 和政府结成伙伴关系 • Design of the US Acid Rain Emissions Trading Program美国酸雨排污交易项目 • Development of Water Markets in the Western states美国西部水权交易市场 • Partnership with Companies 和公司结为伙伴关系 • Development of BP’s internal GHG trading system BP内部的温室气体交易系统 • Development of a new delivery vehicle with FedEx 联邦快递的低污染递送汽车 • Environmentally friendly packaging with MacDonald’s麦当劳的环境友好型包装 • Nanotechnology evaluation program with DuPont 杜邦的纳米技术评估项目

  7. Experience Gained in the US美国经验 • Market-based environmental policies are more effective in controlling pollution and cutting the cost of control 市场机制的环境政策能有效的控制污染且降低费用 • MBIs can be applied to a wide array of environmental and natural resource problems市场机制在环境和自然资源方面应用广泛 • Water水 • Acid Rain酸雨 • Climate Change气候变化

  8. Problem of Inadequate Instream Flows PHYSICAL - DAMS AND WATER DIVERSIONS大坝和分水之物理特性 • Dams destroy habitat, block fish passage and alter seasonal river flows.大坝破坏栖息环境、阻隔鱼类通道、改变季节性流量 • Water diversions reduce stream flows.分水减少流量

  9. Causes (II)原因 • Legal法律 - Water rights水权 • Over-appropriation of water rights • Laws do not adequately protect instream flows • Inadequate water transfer laws & regulation • Economic经济 - Inefficient allocation of water between competing uses水权不合理的分配 • Lack of sufficient price signals • High “transaction” costs • Failure to recognize instream flow values

  10. Degraded River System河流的退化 Yuba River, CA

  11. The Solution: Water Markets解决：水权市场 • Re-allocate water between competing uses重新分配水权 • A “win-win” approach to meeting human needs and restoring damaged water resources • Provides appropriate price signals to encourage more efficient resource use and conservation • Alternative to building new, environmentally damaging dams & water storage projects • Acquire environmental water supplies to restore & protect river ecosystems获得环境水供给以储存和保护河流生态系统 • Creates economic incentive for private water rights holders to reduce water use and sell or transfer conserved water • Stimulates ongoing water market development

  12. The Solution: Environmental Water Acquisitions解决：环境水权获得

  13. Water PurchasersWestern States (1990-2000)西部水权购买（1999-2000） Source: The Water Strategist by Stratecom, Inc. Total Transactions = 1,664

  14. 确立职责

  15. 酸雨计划体制下SO2排放指标的交易

  16. SO2排放指标价格走势

  17. Our Work in China在中国的工作 • Transboundary Pollution跨边界污染 • Developing acid rain emissions trading with Chinese characteristics 有中国特色的排污交易 • Compliance and Enforcement 守法和执法 • Establishing real financial consequences for non-compliance 对违法者进行经济处罚 • Public Participation 公众参与 • Empowering citizens with information 公众获得信息

  18. Our Approach 手段 • Demonstration Projects试点工程 • Partnering with government 和政府合作 • Capacity Building 能力建设 • Partnering with businesses and NGOs 和企业和非政府组织合作 • Communication and Training 沟通和培训 • Partnering with academic institutions and the media 与大学和媒体合作

  19. National Priority:Controlling Acid Rain国家侧重点：酸雨控制

  20. / Sharing Lessons

  21. National Priority:Making Pollution Control More Effective国家侧重点：更有效的污染控制

  22. Provinces and Cities in the Enforcement Project参加执法项目的省市

  23. National Priority:Green Olympics in Beijing国家侧重点：北京绿色奥运

  24. Beijing Air Quality Campaign北京清洁空气项目

  25. Campaign Strategy项目策略 • Sign-up individual employers to support financial incentives for sustainable transport雇主以经济手段激励员工乘坐公交 • Recruitment network with Chinese NGOs • Health risk information to the public公众健康宣传 • Brochures • Interactive pollution map

  26. National Priority:Creating the Innovation Society国家侧重点：创建创新型社会

  27. Environmental Markets Academy环境市场研究院

  28. National Priority:Eliminating Rural PovertyandBuilding the New Countryside国家侧重点：扶贫和建设新型农村

  29. Carbon Sequestration and Poverty Alleviation碳汇和扶贫 Half of the labor force is employed in agriculture, but it only accounts for 14% of GDP. MOU signed with Xinjiang Environmental Protection Bureau, September 2005

  30. Waste to Energy 能源浪费

  31. Producing More Efficiently 提高生产效率 No-Tilled Wheat Stores Carbon & Reduces Fuel & Fertilizer Use 免耕小麦储存碳且减少燃料和化肥使用 Drip-Irrigated Cotton Reduces Fertilizer Use & Energy Use滴灌棉花减少化肥使用且节约能源

  32. Combating Desertification治沙 Tamarisk Indigenous to Central Asia

  33. Lessons from the US • Resource Efficiency • Inventory and Protect Your Natural Assets • Experiment with New Approaches • Prevention of Significant Deterioration • Enforce Environmental Policies • Set Responsibilities for Enterprises to Build the Environmentally Friendly Society • Publicly Disclose Environmental Performance of Enterprises • Measure and Report Environmental Outcomes

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