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Advanced UNIX

Advanced UNIX. Spring 2007. Motherhood. Instructor: Bill Richards Contact Info: begin 664 t1 M2&]M92!%;6%I;#H@=VEL9&)I;&Q`865W82YO<F<*5V]R:R!%;6%I;#H@8G)I M8VAA<F1S0&]K8RYD:7-A+FUI;`I(;VUE(%!H;VYE.B`W,S<M,3,W-0I7;W)K F(%!H;VYE.B`W,SDM-#`V,`I#96QL(%!H;VYE.B`T,#DM.3@Y-0H` ` end

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Advanced UNIX

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  1. Advanced UNIX Spring 2007

  2. Motherhood • Instructor: Bill Richards • Contact Info: begin 664 t1 M2&]M92!%;6%I;#H@=VEL9&)I;&Q`865W82YO<F<*5V]R:R!%;6%I;#H@8G)I M8VAA<F1S0&]K8RYD:7-A+FUI;`I(;VUE(%!H;VYE.B`W,S<M,3,W-0I7;W)K F(%!H;VYE.B`W,SDM-#`V,`I#96QL(%!H;VYE.B`T,#DM.3@Y-0H` ` end • Or from this link: • http://wildbill.org/rose (look for decodeme.txt)

  3. Syllabus • The syllabus in under going revision • Looking at adding more in class hands on labs • Virtual Private Networks • Linux Clusters • Kernel and Modules builds • Compiling • etc… • Any other suggestions?

  4. Grades • Attendance will be 10% of final grade • 3-4 tests (including final) will be 70% of final grade • Graded Labs will be 20% of final grade • Grades will break out like this: A 90 ‑ 100 B 80 ‑ 89 C 70 ‑ 79 D 60 ‑ 69 F 0 ‑ 59 • I’m still thinking on this so it might change a little

  5. The Book • Title: Fedora Core 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Bible • ISBN: 978-0-470-08278-2 • 1128 Pages • Install DVD • Live FC6 CD • Extra’s CD

  6. Fedora and RHEL • We will be using Fedora Core 6 in class • Fedora Core is managed by the Fedora Project • Established by Red Hat in 2003 • Works sort of like an incubator for future RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) releases • Fedora Core is essentially a free, open source server/workstation OS

  7. A Brief Linux Commercial Switching to Linux • From Ubergeek • http://www.ubergeek.tv/switchlinux/

  8. VMWare • In class we will be using a VMWare image of Fedora Core 6 • Those that took Intro to Unix last semester are familiar with it • Can be run on your home PC’s using the VMPlayer or VMServer and a FC6 image • Available at: http://www.vmware.com/products/free_virtualization.html

  9. Advanced Unix Understanding SystemAdministration

  10. Chapters 1 through 9 • These chapters mostly cover introduction topics so we will skip them in the classroom. • But you are more than welcome to review them at your leisure

  11. Chapter 10 • Root Login • Admin Cmds • Config & Log Files • GUI Admin Tools • File System • Monitoring • Updates

  12. Time Permitting… • File System • Monitoring • Updates

  13. Definition of root & su • root (1): a file system term describing the top level directory of a drive or storage volume. • root (2), or root access: authorization within Unix-based operating systems that allows a user to make system-wide changes. This includes the ability to open and modify files that are off-limits to normal users, such as system files and and files within other users' home directories. • super user (su): a user who has been given root access.

  14. The root account • Never login in as root • It is dangerous • There is no audit trail • Always login with your personal account • Then su to root • Disable root logins from the network • RSC (Remote System Console) • Change the root password frequently • DoD does this every 90 days

  15. The Shell Prompt • The command line prompt will indicate if you are logged in as root by displaying a # before the cursor • For System-V derivatives of UNIX you will see a $ if you are logged in as a normal user, % if your are on a Berkeley derivative of UNIX

  16. Examples that require root • Adding, modifying & deleting users from the system • Changing and overriding user passwords • Installing new programs and utilities • Starting and stopping system services • Setting up boot managers, such as GRUB and LILO • Hardware and device driver configuration • Mounting file systems • Modifying system-level properties, such as network settings, web services, and e-mail configurations • Performing remote reboots (may vary from system to system)

  17. Changing a Password • To Change the password of the account you’re logged in as type the following: passwd <enter> • To change the password of another user type the following: passwd <userid> • For class you should change your password

  18. Using the su command • The su command allows one to become another user without logging off or to assume a role. The default user name is root (super user). • To su to root type the following: su • To su to another user type the following: su <userid>

  19. Administration Tools • With Fedora the Sys Admin tools have the following syntax “system-config-xxxx” • GUI Admin Tools • Vary from Windows Manager • Gnome • KDE • Etc…

  20. Sidebar – Windows Mangers • A window manager manages the different windows that appear on your screen • Windows Placement • Gidgets and Gadgets • The overall Look and Feel of X-Windows • Linux popular/common WM’s • Gnome • KDE • Fvwm • AfterStep • WindowMaker

  21. Administration Commands • Most system administration commands are locate in “sbin” directories such as: • /sbin • /usr/sbin • /usr/local/sbin

  22. Administrative Config Files • Most configuration files are located in the /etc directory • /etc/passwd • /etc/shadow • /etc/mail/* • /etc/hosts • /etc/fstab • Etc/resolv.conf • See pages 367-371

  23. Administrative Log Files • Most logs are located in /var/log directory • /var/log/messages • /var/log/lp • /var/log/mail or /var/log/maillog • /var/log/cron • /var/log/wtmp

  24. Limited root Access With sudo • You can grant access to root commands to specific users using the sudo command • Key files are: • /etc/sudoers • /usr/sbin/visudo • visudo - edits the sudoers file

  25. See you next class…

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