Midterm Review

1. Midterm Review

2. What was the most controversial part of Alexander Hamilton's economic program to pay off the domestic debts of the States? • a. raise money for the federal government through tariffs • b. creation of the Bank of the United States • c. pay all bonds issued during the American Revolution with interest • d. the assumption of state debts by the federal government

3. Which is most associated with Alexander Hamilton? • a. believed in strong states’ rights • b. believed in the strict interpretation of the Constitution • c. believed that the economy should be based on agriculture (agrarian society) • d. believed in the loose interpretation of the Constitution

4. Which was associated with the following factors: “designed to strengthen the FederalistParty at the expense of the Democratic-Republican Party, limited citizens’ ability to criticize the government, and made it more difficult to obtain citizenship?” • a. Ratification of the Jay Treaty • b. Results of the Election of 1800 • c. Passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts • d. Publication of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

5. Which was Chief Tecumseh’s response to European settlement on American Indian land during the early 1800s? • a. He accepted white culture and lived in peace with white settlers. • b. He blended American Indian and European cultures by assimilating. • c. He returned to American Indian traditions of shared land. • d. He took military action against U.S. expansion and sided with Britain during the War of 1812.

6. Which bestdescribes the impact President Jefferson’s Embargo Act had on American society? • a. It severely hurt the U.S. economy, especially in the New England states. • b. The U.S. gained respect from European countries • c. It was America’s last attempt at economic pressure on nations at war • d. It was beneficial to American industry

7. Which was an important result or consequence of the War of 1812? • a. United States manufacturing and national pride increased. • b. Thomas Jefferson was elected president. • c. Conquering land previously belonging to the British. • d. The Federalist Party became more popular

8. Which best explains why the Pinckney Treaty with Spain was effective in building U.S. commerce (trade) with other nations? • a. It guaranteed military security in the southwestern U.S. • b. It limited commerce in the northeastern and southeastern U.S. • c. It encouraged economic development of the Mississippi Valley • d. It guaranteed the expansion of slavery

9. Why did northerners oppose the annexation of Texas and the territories from the Mexican Cessation? • a. The Missouri Compromise failed to solve the issue of slavery, but did help northern industry • b. Manifest Destiny called for expansion to the Pacific • c. Mexico controlled the southwestern region of the United States. • d. New territories in the South would shift the balance of political power in the US Senate to the Slave South.

10. Which concept described the philosophical and literary movement that emphasized a simple life, truth in nature, personal emotion, and individualism? • A. Romanticism • B. Unitarianism • C. Transcendentalism • D. Humanitarianism

11. Which was most important in the growth of slavery and an increase in the demand for land during the early 19th century (1800s)? • a. The availability of lands caused by western expansion • b. The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney. • c. The explosion of international trade with Britain and France • d. The shortage of immigrant workers due to discrimination

12. During the 1830s, which event happened as a result of the large population of slaves due to the invention of the cotton gin and overseas demand for cotton? • A. The "Corrupt Bargain" of 1824 • B. Nat Turner's Rebellion • C. The Tariff of Abomination • D. The Gabrielle Prosser Revolt

13. Which parts of Henry Clay’s American System are associated with Sectionalism? • a. protective tariffs; national bank • b. internal improvements; national bank • c. unlimited coinage of silver; protective tariffs • d. protective tariffs; internal improvements

14. Which constitutional issue was at the heart Of both the South Carolina Nullification Crisis and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions? • a. Strict versus loose Interpretation of the Constitution • b. The value of tariffs for the country • c. Federal power versus State's rights • d. The Bill of Rights

15. Which became the main issue of the Election of 1832, setting up a battle between President Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay? • a. The American Indian Removal • b. The protective tariffs • c. Recharteringof the National Bank • d. The admission of new states

16. Which bestdescribes how Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were alike? • a. All were abolitionists who spoke out against slavery. • b. All were education reformers who built public schools. • c. All were early leaders in the women’s rights movement. • d. All were important reformers of prisons and mental hospitals.

17. Which event most likely led Northerners, including antislavery Democrats, Whigs, and Free Soilers to form the Republican Party in 1854 in order to stop the “Slave Power” of the South? • a. The Dred Scott decision • b. The Fugitive Slave Act • c. The Missouri Compromise • d. The Kansas-Nebraska Act

18. Who was the abolitionist who tried to start a slave revolt by raiding the federal arsenal at Harper Ferry, Virginia? • a. Harriet Tubman • b. John Brown • c. William Lloyd Garrison • d. Dred Scott

19. Which set of events leading to the Civil War is in chronological order? • a. Compromise of 1820, Dred Scott decision, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Lincoln’s election • b. Lincoln’s election, Harpers Ferry attack, Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott decision • c. Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska, Dred Scott decision, Lincoln’s election • d. Dred Scott decision, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”, Harpers Ferry attack, Compromise of 1850

20. Which military strategy was part of the Confederate Plan for victory during the Civil War”? • a. dividing the Union into three theaters of wars • b. blockading Union ports • c. fighting a defensive war • d. gaining control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans

21. Why did the U.S. House of Representatives vote to impeach President Andrew Johnson in 1868? • a. he vetoed important legislation passed by Congress • b. he stole campaign contributions from his party • c. he was against Southern re-admission to the Union • d. he violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing Edwin Stanton without the approval of the Senate.

22. What reason would Mormon Joseph Smith and Brigham Young have given for migrating to what is today Utah? • a. a desire to help the US government remove Native Americans • b. the hope of discovering gold • c. the desire to acquire land • d. to escape religious persecution

23. What were the two factors that did the most to stimulate rapid western settlement to help fulfill the Manifest Destiny? • a. removal of the buffalo and Native Americans from the plains • b. the Homestead Act and the Transcontinental Railroad • c. the removal of the Indians and the gold rush • d. the gold rush and the rise of the great cattle kingdom

24. In what way did the Morrill Land Grant Act impact western settlement? • a. It stated that if one discovered gold on a certain piece of land, then that land became theirs. • b. It made it easier for people to acquire land if they would move west. • c. It helped to populate the West and provided Higher Education for farmers. • d. It led to religious freedom on the frontier.

25. In her book, A Century of Dishonor, Helen Hunt Jackson described the shameful way the US government and white settlers treated Native Americans. What law was enacted because of this book? • a. the Omaha Platform • b. the Homestead Act • c. the Dawes Severalty Act • d. the Morrill Land-Grant Act

26. “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.” William Jennings Bryan, 1896 According to the excerpt above, which idea did William Jennings Bryan promote? • a. Granger laws • b. bimetallism • c. diamond standard • d. socialism

27. Which is most associated with the decline of Populism? • a. The loss of Democratic/Populist presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan to Republican William McKinley in 1896 • b. The loss of Populist presidential candidate James Weaver in 1892 • c. The switch back to the Gold Standard • d. The rise in inflation helped increase farm crop prices.

28. The chief purpose of the headright and patroonshipsystems was to • a. Encourage the settlement of diverse ethnic groups • b. Increase the population of the colonies • c. Decrease the population of the colonies • d. Provide an equitable system of land distribution

29. The French and Indian War resulted in all of the following EXCEPT • a. France becoming the dominant power in North America • b. An end to British preoccupation with European affairs, allowing them to concentrate on controlling the colonies • c. Increased contempt colonists and the British felt toward each other • d. Extended territorial boundaries for England's North American possessions

30. The Mayflower Compact was designed to • a. Establish the principle of majority rule • b. Establish the first plan of government for Connecticut • c. Establish the first plan of government for Plymouth • d. Establish the principle of majority rule in Maryland

31. Slavery developed as an institution in the American South because • a. From the outset, they were cheaper than indentured servants • b. The indentured servant system failed to provide an adequate labor supply after Bacon’s Rebellion • c. Puritans viewed slaves as sub-humans • d. England encouraged the industrial development of the South

32. One of the most important reasons that the Virginia colony at Jamestown survived its first years was the • a. Presence of strong women • b. Support of the Algonquin Indians • c. Abundance of skilled labor • d. Absence of diseases

33. The so-called “City on the Hill” colony was • a. Virginia • b. Maryland • c. Massachusetts • d. New Jersey

34. What was the most significant result of the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)? • a. It advanced civil rights for minorities • b. It limited presidential control of foreign policy • c. It upheld the constitutionality of the national bank • d. It established the Supreme Court's right to exercise judicial review

35. Which best explains the lasting impact of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions on the United States? • a. It introduced the doctrine of nullification in which states can refuse to follow federal laws they feel are in violation of the Constitution • b. It outlawed the formation of a national bank, thereby thwarting Hamilton's plan • c. It prevented President Washington from seeking a third term • d. It assured that the balance of power between slave states and free states would remain consistent in Congress

36. In President George Washington's Farewell Address (1796), which did he warn Americans against? • a. Abolish slavery before it tears this country apart. • b. Create political parties because they will prevent conflicts and division. • c. Do not engage in European matters that do not concern our country. • d. Join foreign alliances so that American businesses may find new markets to sell their products.

37. What did the Whiskey Rebellion prove about the new federal government? • a. drunken farmers would not be tolerated in western Pennsylvania • b. taxes would be ignored by Hamilton's economic program • c. the new federal government would be able to enforce laws • d. the new federal government would not be able to enforce laws

38. Which were the main causes of the War of 1812? • a. Treaty of Ghent violations, Indian relations, and Chesapeake Affair • b. XYZ Affair, Embargo Act, and Jay's Treaty • c. Impressment of sailors, American Indian relations, and War Hawks • d. Embargo Act, Proclamation of Neutrality, and War Hawks

39. Which best explains how the Artists of the Hudson River School contributed to American nationalism? • a. They painted scenes of soldiers in battle. • b. They painted scenes of Native Americans and the Buffalo. • c. They painted scenes of beautiful American landscapes that surpassed any in Europe. • d. They painted scenes of immigrants working in the new factories in the North.

40. Which best explains how Dorothea Dix and Horace Mann were different types of early reformers? • a. Dorothea Dix focused on mental illness and the prison system, while Horace Mann focused on creating a public education system. • b. Dorothea Dix was a leader in the women’s rights movement and Horace Mann was a leader in the public education movement. • c. Dorothea Dix was a leader in the public education movement, while Horace Mann helped the mentally ill. • d. Dorothea Dix was an abolitionist and Horace Mann was a leader in the temperance movement.

41. Which most likely was an effect of the Second Great Awakening? • a. Slavery was immediately abolished. • b. Many people were inspired to join the Temperance and Abolition movements. • c. Americans turned against non-Christians. • d. Church attendance dropped.

42. Which part of the Compromise of 1850 was most important to the South? • a. the outlawing of the slave trade in the District of Columbia • b. California admitted to the Union as a free state. • c. allowing citizens of Utah and New Mexico to vote on whether or not to allow slavery. • d. the Stronger Fugitive Slave Law

43. What did Stephen Douglas propose in the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? • a. territory acquired from the Mexican-American War be slave free • b. the territories of Kansas and Nebraska should be slave free • c. the people of Kansas and Nebraska would decide the issue of slavery • d. slavery in the South would be abolished

44. Which of the following was temporarily addressed by the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? • a. the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law • b. the interstate slave trade • c. the rights of freed slaves • d. the status of slavery in the territories

45. Which conclusion did many Southerners form after Abraham Lincoln was elected president? • a. Free and slave states would continue admission to the Union. • b. The South should secede from the Union and form the Confederacy. • c. The South would have increased control in the federal government. • d. Slavery would cease in all newly created territories.

46. Which best describes the different views on the expansion of slavery into new territories argued in the Lincoln-Douglas debates in 1858? • a. Lincoln favored the total abolition of slavery; Douglas favored limited abolition. • b. Douglas favored banning slavery from the new territories; Lincoln favored the idea of popular sovereignty. • c. Lincoln favored banning slavery in the North; Douglas favored banning it in the South. • d. Lincoln favored banning slavery in the new territories; Douglas favored the idea of popular sovereignty.

47. What was the main purpose of the Gettysburg Address? • a. to rally tired Confederate soldiers • b. to remind the nation of the purpose of the Civil War • c. to help Union generals locate stored weapons • d. to outline Lincoln’s re-election platform

48. Which best explains why the Radical Republicans opposed President Abraham Lincoln’s 10% plan for Reconstruction? • a. It demanded payments from the South that would have damaged its economy • b. It postponed the readmission of Southern States into the Union for many years • c. It granted too many rights to formerly enslaved persons • d. It offered amnesty (pardons) to nearly all Confederates who would swear allegiance to the United States.

49. Which best explains why Reconstruction ended ? • a. Reconstruction policies were no longer needed when the southern states rejoined the union • b. African Americans voting freely in southern elections • c. Reconstruction was intended to be a short-term event that would end in 10 years • d. Enforcement of Reconstruction laws decreased because of political compromise

50. Which of the following most accurately describes the impact of white settlement on Native Americans in the 1800s? • a. It had little effect because tribes were allotted large areas of land called reservations, on which they could continue to live and practice their way of life. • b. It empowered these tribes who suddenly found themselves able to use land and gold as a bargaining chip in their negotiations with the US government. • c. It enriched many Native Americans who were compensated (paid) financially for the land that was taken. • d. It was detrimental to Native Americans because it meant that they were forcibly relocated and sometimes killed. Their source of food, clothing and shelter - the buffalo - also disappeared along with their land.