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Tools for 1080p/24 Film to Tape Transfer

Tools for 1080p/24 Film to Tape Transfer. by David Strachan. Background and Goals. 70% of prime time TV originates on film Need to transfer film to all HDTV and SDTV video formats Preferable to do this in one Telecine session

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Tools for 1080p/24 Film to Tape Transfer

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  1. Tools for 1080p/24 Film to Tape Transfer by David Strachan

  2. Background and Goals • 70% of prime time TV originates on film • Need to transfer film to all HDTV and SDTV video formats • Preferable to do this in one Telecine session • Would like one master video tape format which will provide outputs for all standards

  3. Conventional Film Transfers

  4. Film to tape process Telecine Edit Controller Camera Telecine Machine CTRL Evertz Head DAT LTC LTC Video Frame Pulse Bi-Phase VTR Audio Film footage Encoder Video + VITC KeyKode Decoder Video with CG Logging Field DAT Recorder Log KeyLog Tracker

  5. 3 line VITC • Defined in SMPTE RP201 - August 1999 • Recommendations (for both 525 and 625): • Line 14 - Video Tape data block (video timecode) • Line 15 - Film data block (film edge numbers) • Line 16 - Production data block (audio timecode)

  6. 3 2 pull down Review of 3:2 pull down 24 film frames will occupy 60 video fields A B C D A 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

  7. Problems with 3:2 pull down • Creates extra video fields • Can generate film judder artifacts • Causes artifacts in standards converters • Post Houses often transfer to NTSC and PAL separately to avoid standards conversion • MPEG-2 recognizes and discards extra frames

  8. Advantages of 1080p/24 • Wide screen format • Progressive scan - no interlace artifacts • Film native frame rate • No 3:2 pull down • At least 25% less tape or disk space • Same machines can run 24Fps or 25Fps

  9. 1080p/24sF (segmented frame)

  10. Interlace X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

  11. Progressive Scan X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

  12. Segmented Frame • Image is progressively scanned • Odd and even lines are separated into “fields” • Odd and even “fields” are transported sequentially • The interlaced monitor displays the segmented frame video in the same way as interlaced video • As the image was progressively scanned, motion elements are returned to their correct positions on the screen

  13. Segmented Frame X X X Field 1 (odd lines) X X X X X X X Field 2 (even lines) X X X X

  14. 3 line VITC for HDTV • HD VTRs do not support 3 line VITC • Time code and much more data, can be carried in the VANC • SMPTE committee now working on this new standard

  15. VANC data • VANC Data contains: • Video and Audio Time Code • KeyKode and Ink Numbers • Film Pull-Down Sequence • Film Format ID and Transfer Rate • Camera Roll, Sound Roll and Lab Roll numbers • Scene, Take and Slate numbers • Title and Episode number and other data

  16. 1080p/24 transfers

  17. 1080p/24 Goals • HDTV video tape + • 601 or NTSC video for creating the EDL

  18. Frame Rates • NTSC runs at 29.97 Fps • For NTSC we need to start with 24/1.001 Fps • Instead of 24p we use 23.98p • (23.98 psF displayed as 47.96i) • 25p for PAL

  19. 24p Off-Line Editing • Desirable to use existing Avid or other NLEs devices to generate the EDL • Desirable to convert 23.98p to 59.94i (ITU-R 601 or NTSC) with 3 line VITC • Need to convert Aspect Ratio to 4:3 • Anamorphic • Letter Box • Crop

  20. Film to 1080p/24 process 23.98 Fps 23.98 Fps 29.97 Fps SRG Telecine Edit Controller 6Hz Machine CTRL 29.97 Fps 1080p/23.98 FP HD Film Footage Encoder GPI VTRs DAT KK Bi-Phase 1080p/24 VTR HD9025TR LTC (23.98 FPS) Decoded KeyKode 1080p/23.98sF + VANC Data Decoder 6Hz DAT Configuration Logging & user bit tags NTSC or 601 1080p - 480i VITC Translator LTC (29.97 Fps) 3 Line VITC + CG Inserter 1080p/23.98 to 480i/59.94 converter HD9025TR Data Reader/ Time Code Generator Avid HD9150 LTC (29.97 Fps) Configuration HD9150 KeyLog Tracker EDL CTRL

  21. A B C D A 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 pull down 2 3 3:2 pull down again

  22. The ‘A’ Frame • 24Fps film or video has only one frame type • NTSC video (2:3 pull down) has 4 frame types • Need to retain consistent 2:3 cadence while inserting the extra fields to create the 30Fps TV signal • The :00 frame in the 24Fps time code, defines which candidate framewill be selected as the ‘A’ frame

  23. Film to 1080p/24 process 23.98 Fps 23.98 Fps 29.97 Fps SRG Telecine Edit Controller 6Hz Machine CTRL 29.97 Fps 1080p/23.98 FP HD Film Footage Encoder GPI VTRs DAT KK Bi-Phase 1080p/24 VTR HD9025TR LTC (23.98 FPS) Decoded KeyKode 1080p/23.98sF + VANC Data Decoder 6Hz DAT Configuration Logging & user bit tags NTSC or 601 1080p - 480i VITC Translator LTC (23.98 Fps) 3 Line VITC + CG Inserter 1080p/23.98 to 480i/59.94 converter HD9025TR Data Reader/ Time Code Generator Avid HD9150 LTC (29.97 Fps) Configuration HD9150 KeyLog Tracker EDL CTRL

  24. HD9150 “Afterburner” • Down converts to ITU-R 601 and NTSC • Converts 24Fps time code to 30Fps • Creates 2:3 pull-down aligning ‘A’ frames to a 6Hz pulse, VANC time code or 24Fps LTC • Converts Aspect Ratio (all 3 methods) • Inserts Character Burns from VANC data

  25. Film or Video • 24p material can originate from film or video • HD9150 has a video mode. This uses RP188 ANC time code, or LTC from the VTR to control 2:3 pull-down • Creates new 30Fps time code (Original 24Fps time code may be carried in the user bits) • Allows video originated material to use proven film post production methods

  26. Dual Standard Systems • HD/SD 9025 Film Footage Encoder for HDTV and SDTV 601 • HD/SD 9150 Afterburner for HDTV and SDTV 601

  27. 1080i/50 1080i/60 1080i/60 1080p/24 1080p/24 720p/60 625/24Fps 625/24Fps 525/59.94 Black Burst Genlock Reference 6Hz 6Hz 525/59.94 Slave Reference Generator(Tri-Level Sync) 7750SRG-HD More than 10 combinations of outputs

  28. 7732PFT-HD • Converts 1080p/24 to 1080i/60 • (Adds 2:3 pull-down) • Accepts 6Hz pulse from SRG • 30Fps video retains ‘A’ frame relationship to ANC time code and 24Fps material

  29. 7710MD-sF • Down converts to ITU-R 601 and NTSC • Adds 3:2 pull-down to 24psF material (But No control over ‘A’ frame alignment) • Aspect Ratio Conversion (3 methods)

  30. Other Evertz Products for 1080p/24 • Slate Generator • Graticule Generator • HDTV Test Generator - all formats • HDTV Digital to Analog Converter • HDTV DAs, Routers, Audio Embedders, De-Embedders, Co-ax to Fiber, etc

  31. SMPTE Documents • RP 201 -Encoding Film Transfer information using VITC • RP 188- Transmission of Time Code in the Ancillary Data Space of DTV • SMPTE committee working on standardization of encoding film transfer information into VANC

  32. Tools for 1080p/24 Film to Tape Transfer Thanks for coming

  33. Tools for 1080p/24 Film to Tape Transfer

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