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Grappling With Complexity: Gender and Equity Aware Participatory Processes in Evaluation

Grappling With Complexity: Gender and Equity Aware Participatory Processes in Evaluation. Ranjani.K.Murthy , Consultant Supported by Indian Social Studies Trust to be present at AEA. Objectives. Complexity of gender relations in India Opportunities & challenges- globalisation

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Grappling With Complexity: Gender and Equity Aware Participatory Processes in Evaluation

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  1. Grappling With Complexity: Gender and Equity Aware Participatory Processes in Evaluation Ranjani.K.Murthy, Consultant Supported by Indian Social Studies Trust to be present at AEA

  2. Objectives • Complexity of gender relations in India • Opportunities & challenges-globalisation • Gender and equity aware participatory processes/methods. • Factors to be kept in mind.

  3. Inequities that affect Indian Women Which inequity is more stark depends on what one is talking about

  4. Changes in gender and social relations Globali-sation Rules Practices Resources People and power Life cycle 1 4 Positive Legislation

  5. Why gender-aware participatory evaluation processes? • To capture changes in social norms, practices, issues of power • To capture contributions/unintended impact of projects/programs in complex environments.

  6. Gender and equity aware participatory evaluation Methods Methods that are gender and social relations sensitive and participatory Processes ……also that marginalised women  participate in defining the contours of the evaluation, process of evaluation, validating findings, and recommending changes (Gaventaand Cornwall, 2006, Harding, 1997, Tupuola, 2006).

  7. Poverty (Sen, 1980, Murthy and Kappen, 2005) Dimensions Causes:

  8. Women’s Empowerment (Rowland, 1998, Kabeer, 2005)

  9. Gender and equity aware participatory methods

  10. Example 1: Engendering social mapping and resource mappingWomen’s empowerment and natural resources management project with dalit women (TN)

  11. Gender and diversity aware resource mapping (TN)

  12. Example 2: Engendering participatory rankingMaking government services accountable to women School teachers come, sexual harassment reduced Health Services : Doctors spend more time Less corruption

  13. Gender and equity-specific participatory methods

  14. Poverty reduction and women’s empowerment projects • Mobilization of women • Women and livelihoods • Women and governance • Gender-aware participatory evaluation process ?? • Semi structured intra-household interviews (Control) • Focus group discussion- semi structured • Validation through discussion with service providers • Discussion with implementing agencies • Gender-aware participatory methods at individual and group level

  15. How did we choose women? Representation of progress Inter-section of marginalised identities Selection of women who are dalits, Adivasis, Muslims, single, differently abled, living with HIV, and sexual minorities Choose women who have progressed, remained same, and deteriorated during the project period

  16. Gender based control over resources (Overholt et al 1985) Control of women over small animals and cattle had improved as a result of the projects. Control over land and housing still rested with men

  17. Body mapping: • Pleasure-womb- giving birth to her children • Pain- heart-when husband died, also relief • Shame- vagina/breast –desires, skin dark • Pride- in her heart as leader/member of her group, she has income in her hand, as manager of common property resources.

  18. Attitudinal change mapping What is present attitude? If positive, has it changed, why?

  19. Power walk Income Group backing Ethnicity Age 10 0 Mother in law Husband Sarpanch Upper caste employer Police

  20. Caste and gender discrimination mapping Little impact on interaction, and work and resource division Manual scavenging reduced Dalit women beginning to attend Gram Sabha

  21. Violence mapping Reduction in child marriage

  22. Gender and decision making matrix PGIs placed on the agenda in village assembly, and 60% met

  23. Overall findings using gender aware participatory evaluation process Poverty reduction • Agricultural land and water bodies declining • Women’s access to immovable assets difficult to change • Impact on productivity of assets mixed; labour increasing but.. • Equity in consumption still an issue, but improving • Women continue to slip into poverty in gender specific ways Empowerment: • Attitudes on gender and caste slow to change • Marginalized women beginning to exercise collective power. Not SGIs. • Women’s mobility and access to productive work is expanding, accompanied by a little help in care work. • Women’s control their bodies still an issue.

  24. Things to be kept in mind while using gender-aware participatory evaluation methods • Participant-non participant comparison difficult • Difficult in conflict zones • Difficult if linked to funding • Quantification possible!

  25. Things to be kept in mind while using gender aware participatory processes/methods Have a male facilitator s to engage men/upper caste Songs, proverbs, story telling

  26. Things to be kept in mind while using gender aware participatory processes/methods TOR Planning Interpreting Recommendations

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