Indoor Air Quality

1. Indoor Air QualityMOHD TALIB LATIFSchool of Environmental and natural Resource SciencesFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity Kebangsaan Malaysia

2. Indoor Air Quality • Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term referring to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants

3. Indoor Air Pollution • The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC- Australia) defines indoor air as air within a building occupied for at least one hour by people of varying states of health. This can include the office, classroom, transport facility, shopping centre, hospital and home. • Indoor air quality can be defined as the totality of attributes of indoor air that affect a person's health and well being.

4. Sick building syndrome Condition associated with complaints of discomfort including headache; nausea; dizziness; dermatitis; eye, nose, throat, and respiratory irritation; coughing; difficulty concentrating; sensitivity to odors; muscle pain; and fatigue.

5. Sick building syndrome • The specific causes of the symptoms are often not known but sometimes are attributed to the effects of a combination of substances or individual susceptibility to low concentrations of contaminants. • The symptoms are associated with periods of occupancy and often disappear after the worker leaves the worksite.

6. Cause of SBS • Inadequate ventilation 52% • Contamination from inside building 16% • Contamination from outside building 10% •  Microbial contamination  5% •  Contamination from building fabric  4% • Unknown sources 13%1

7. Thermal Comfort • Personal factors (health, psychology, sociology & situational factors) • Air temperature • Mean radiant temperature • Air movement / velocity (see wind chill factor) • Relative humidity (see also perspiration) • Insulative clothing • Activity levels.

8. THE IMPORTANT OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY

9. Indoor Air Quality Council-USA The IAQ Council offers certifications in five disciplines related to indoor air quality: Indoor Environmental Consulting and Investigation • Council-certified Indoor Environmental Consultant (CIEC) • Council-certified Indoor Environmentalist (CIE) Microbial Consulting and Investigation Council-certified Microbial Consultant (CMC) • Council-certified Microbial Investigator (CMI)

10. Microbial Remediation • Council-certified Microbial Remediation Supervisor (CMRS) • Council-certified Microbial Remediator (CMR) Indoor Air Quality Administration • Council-certified Indoor Air Quality Manager (CIAQM) • Council-certified Microbial Claims Adjuster (CMCA) Residential Mold Inspection • Council-certified Residential Mold Inspector (CRMI)

13. Sources of Indoor Pollutants Base on Specific Building Combustion activity Furniture Chemical Building materials Food Water Smoking activity Outdoor air pollution

14. Walkaround Inspection • Potential Problem Areas • Sample Collection

17. GREEN BUILDING INDEX http://www.greenbuildingindex.org/

18. Green Building Index (GBI) • The Green Building Index (GBI) is Malaysia’s industry recognised green rating tool for buildings to promote sustainability in the built environment and raise awareness among Developers, Architects, Engineers, Planners, Designers, Contractors and the Public about environmental issues and our responsibility to the future generations

21. What is Dust • Dust consists of tiny solid particles carried by air currents. These articles are formed by a disintegration or fracture process, such as grinding, crushing, or impact. • The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) defines dust as finely divided solids that may become airborne from the original state without any chemical or physical change other than fracture.

22. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

23. Occupational health point of view • Total Dust • Inhalable Dust • Respirable Dust

24. Total Dust • Total dust includes all airborne particles, regardless of their size or composition.

25. Inhalable Dust • The EPA describes inhalable dust as that size fraction of dust which enters the body, but is trapped in the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract. The median aerodynamic diameter of this dust is about 10 µm.

26. Respirable Dust • Respirable dust refers to those dust particles that are small enough to penetrate the nose and upper respiratory system and deep into the lungs. • Particles that penetrate deep into the respiratory system are generally beyond the body's natural clearance mechanisms of cilia and mucous and are more likely to be retained.

27. OSHA Definition

28. General Understanding Fine mode

29. Aerosols

30. Other OSHA Definition • Inhalable Particulate Mass • Dust particles having a 50% cut-point of 100 µm. These dust particles are hazardous when deposited anywhere in the respiratory tract. • Thoracic Particulate Mass • Dust particles having a 50% cut-point of 10 µm. These dust particles are hazardous when deposited anywhere in the lung airways and gas-exchange regions. • Respirable Particulate Mass • Dust particles having a 50% cut-point of 4 µm. These dust particles are hazardous when deposited anywhere in the gas-exchange regions.

31. MSHA Definition *MSHA – Mine Safety and Health Administration

32. Inhalable Dust (Malaysian DOSH)

33. Respirable Dust (Malaysian DOSH)

34. INDOOR AIR SAMPLING(DOSH METHOD)

35. Respirable and Total Dust Total Dust Respirable Dust

45. Gas Analysis

48. Lead in Indoor Air

50. Asbestos