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PHP introduction

PHP introduction. University of California, Berkeley School of Information IS 257: Database Management. Lecture Outline. Review Databases for Web Applications – Overview ColdFusion DiveShop in ColdFusion PHP DiveShop in PHP More on MySQL and SQL. Lecture Outline. Review

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PHP introduction

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  1. PHP introduction University of California, Berkeley School of Information IS 257: Database Management

  2. Lecture Outline • Review • Databases for Web Applications – Overview • ColdFusion • DiveShop in ColdFusion • PHP • DiveShop in PHP • More on MySQL and SQL

  3. Lecture Outline • Review • Databases for Web Applications – Overview • ColdFusion • DiveShop in ColdFusion • PHP • DiveShop in PHP • More on MySQL and SQL

  4. Dynamic Web Applications 2 Files Web Server CGI database DBMS Internet database database Server Clients

  5. Server Interfaces Web Server Database SQL HTML Native DB Interfaces DHTML Web Application Server JavaScript Web DB App CGI Web Server API’s ODBC Native DB interfaces JDBC ColdFusion PhP Perl Java ASP Adapted from John P Ashenfelter, Choosing a Database for Your Web Site

  6. Web Application Server Software • ColdFusion • PHP • ASP • All of the are server-side scripting languages that embed code in HTML pages

  7. Lecture Outline • Review • Databases for Web Applications – Overview • ColdFusion • PHP • DiveShop in PHP • Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

  8. Web Application Server Software • ColdFusion • PHP • ASP • All of the are server-side scripting languages that embed code in HTML pages

  9. ColdFusion • Developing WWW sites typically involved a lot of programming to build dynamic sites • e.g. Pages generated as a result of catalog searches, etc. • ColdFusion was designed to permit the construction of dynamic web sites with only minor extensions to HTML through a DBMS interface

  10. ColdFusion • Started as CGI • Drawback, as previously discussed, is that the entire system is run for each cgi invocation • Split into cooperating components • Windows service -- runs constantly • Server modules for 4 main Web Server API (glue that binds web server to ColdFusion service) {Apache, ISAPI, NSAPI, WSAPI} • Special CGI scripts for other servers

  11. What ColdFusion is Good for • Putting up databases onto the Web • Handling dynamic databases (Frequent updates, etc) • Making databases searchable and updateable by users.

  12. Requirements • Unix or Windows systems • Install as SuperUser • Databases must be defined via “data source names (DSNs) by administrator

  13. Requirements and Set Up • Field names should be devoid of spaces. Use the underscore character, like new_items instead of "new items." • Use key fields. Greatly reduces search time. • Check permissions on the individual tables in your database and make sure that they have read-access for the username your Web server uses to log in. • If your fields include large blocks of text, you'll want to include basic HTML coding within the text itself, including boldface, italics, and paragraph markers.

  14. Templates • Assume we have a database named contents_of_my_shopping_cart.mdb -- single table called contents... • Create an HTML page (uses extension .cfm), and before <HEAD>...

  15. Templates cont. <CFQUERY NAME= ”cart" DATASOURCE=“contents_of_my_shopping_cart"> SELECT * FROM contents ; </CFQUERY> <HEAD> <TITLE>Contents of My Shopping Cart</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H1>Contents of My Shopping Cart</H1> <CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart"> <B>#Item#</B><BR> #Date_of_item# <BR> $#Price# <P> </CFOUTPUT> </BODY> </HTML>

  16. Templates cont. Contents of My Shopping Cart Bouncy Ball with Psychedelic Markings 12 December 1998 $0.25 Shiny Blue Widget 14 December 1998 $2.53 Large Orange Widget 14 December 1998 $3.75

  17. CFIF and CFELSE <CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart"> Item: #Item# <BR> <CFIF #Picture# EQ""> <IMG SRC=“generic_picture.jpg"> <BR> <CFELSE> <IMG SRC="#Picture#"> <BR> </CFIF> </CFOUTPUT>

  18. More Templates <CFQUERY DATASOURCE = “AZ2”> INSERT INTO Employees(firstname, lastname, phoneext) VALUES(‘#firstname#’, ‘#lastname#’, ‘#phoneext#’) </CFQUERY> <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Employee Added</TITLE> <BODY><H1>Employee Added</H1> <CFOUTPUT> Employee <B>#firstname# #lastname#</B> added. </CFOUTPUT></BODY> </HTML>

  19. CFML ColdFusion Markup Language • Read data from and update data to databases and tables • Create dynamic data-driven pages • Perform conditional processing • Populate forms with live data • Process form submissions • Generate and retrieve email messages • Perform HTTP and FTP function • Perform credit card verification and authorization • Read and write client-side cookies

  20. Lecture Outline • Review • Databases for Web Applications – Overview • ColdFusion • PHP • DiveShop in PHP • More on ORACLE and SQL-Plus

  21. PHP • PHP is an Open Source Software project with many programmers working on the code. • Commonly paired with MySQL, another OSS project • Free • Both Windows and Unix support • Estimated that more than 250,000 web sites use PHP as an Apache Module.

  22. PHP Syntax • Similar to “C” or Java (note lines end with “;”) • Includes most programming structures (Loops, functions, Arrays, etc.) • Loads HTML form variables so that they are addressable by name • <HTML><BODY> • <?php • $myvar = “Hello World”; • echo $myvar ; • ?> • </BODY></HTML>

  23. Combined with MySQL • DBMS interface appears as a set of functions: <HTML><BODY> <?php mysql_connect(“localhost”, “usename”, “password”); mysql_select_db(“mydb”); $result = mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM employees”); while ($r = mysql_fetch_array($result,MYSQL_ASSOC)) { printf("<center><H2>%s",$r[”LAST_NAME"]); printf(”, %s</H2></center> ",$r[”FIRST_NAME"]); } ?></BODY></HTML>

  24. Diveshop PHP • Examples on Harbinger/People…

  25. ASP – Active Server Pages • Another server-side scripting language • From Microsoft using Visual Basic as the Language model (VBScript), though Javascript (actually MS Jscript) is also supported • Works with Microsoft IIS and gives access to ODBC databases • Most commonly used for Access or MS SQL Server

  26. ASP Syntax <% SQL="SELECT last, first FROM employees ORDER BY last" set conn = server.createobject("ADODB.Connection") conn.open “employee" set people=conn.execute(SQL) %> <% do while not people.eof set resultline=people(0) & “, “ & people(1) & “<BR>” Response.Write(resultline) people.movenext loop%> <% people.close %>

  27. Lecture Outline • Review • Databases for Web Applications – Overview • ColdFusion • DiveShop in ColdFusion • PHP • DiveShop in PHP • More on MySQL and SQL

  28. More on SQL for data manipulation and modification Today

  29. SELECT • Syntax: • SELECT [DISTINCT] attr1, attr2,…, attr3 as label, function(xxx), calculation, attr5, attr6 FROM relname1 r1, relname2 r2,… rel3 r3 WHERE condition1 {AND | OR} condition2 ORDER BY attr1 [DESC], attr3 [DESC]

  30. SELECT Conditions • = equal to a particular value • >= greater than or equal to a particular value • > greater than a particular value • <= less than or equal to a particular value • <> or != not equal to a particular value • LIKE‘%wom_n%’ (Note different wild card from Access) • opt1 SOUNDS LIKE opt2 • IN (‘opt1’, ‘opt2’,…,’optn’) • BETWEEN opt1 AND opt2 • IS NULL or IS NOT NULL

  31. Aggregate (group by) Functions • COUNT(dataitem) • COUNT(DISTINCT expr) • AVG(numbercolumn) • SUM(numbercolumn) • MAX(numbercolumn) • MIN(numbercolumn) • STDDEV(numbercolumn) • VARIANCE(numbercolumn) • and other variants of these…

  32. ABS(n) ACOS(n) ASIN(n) ATAN(n) ATAN2(n, m) CEIL(n) COS(n) COSH(n) CONV(n, f-base,t-base) COT(n) ROUND(n) SIGN(n) SIN(n) SINH(n) SQRT(n) TAN(n) TANH(n) TRUNCATE(n,m) Numeric Functions • DEGREES(n) • EXP(n) • EXP(n) • FLOOR(n) • LN(n) • LOG(n,b) • MOD(n) • PI() • POWER(n,p)

  33. CHAR(n,…) CONCAT(str1,str2,…) LOWER(char) LPAD(char, n,char2), RPAD(char, n,char2) LTRIM(char, n, cset), RTRIM(char, n, cset) REPLACE(char, srch, repl) SOUNDEX(char) SUBSTR(char, m, n) UPPER(char) Character Functions returning character values

  34. ASCII(char) INSTR(char1, char2) LENGTH(char) BIT_LENGTH(str) CHAR_LENGTH(str) LOCATE(substr,str) LOCATE(substr,str,pos) and many other variants. Character Function returning numeric values

  35. ADDDATE(dt, INTERVAL expr unit) or ADDDATE(dt, days) ADDTIME(dttm, time) LAST_DAY(dt) MONTH(dt) – YEAR(dt) – DAY(dt) MONTHNAME(dt) NOW() NEW_TIME(d, z1, z2) -- PST, AST, etc. NEXT_DAY(d, dayname) STR_TO_DATE(str,format) SYSDATE() Date functions

  36. Assignment 3 • Assignment 3 is some additional (and occasionally more complex) searches to be run on the Diveshop database • These should be run via the command line (via login to ischool.berkeley.edu) • Assignment 3 is posted on the class web site • Walkthrough online version • Due Thursday, Oct. 25th

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