Chapter 14

1. Chapter 14 0 The Origin of Species

2. Concept Check 0 • Which of the following define a species? • A population of organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring. • Organisms that share observable and measurable phenotypic traits. • Organisms that share a common and unique genetic history. • Organisms that share common and unique adaptations to fit specific roles in an ecological community. • All of the above define a species depending on the question.

3. Answer 0 • Which of the following define a species? • All of the above define a species depending on the question.

4. Concept Check 0 • These two meadowlarks are two separate species, the Eastern, Sturnella magna and the Western,Sturnella neglecta? Though they look very similar and have similar habitats they are considered different species because: • The two do not normally interbreed. • Their ranges do not overlap. • They have different songs. • They do not share the same habitat.

5. Answer 0 • These two meadowlarks are two separate species, the Eastern, Sturnella magna and the Western,Sturnella neglecta? Though they look very similar and have similar habitats they are considered different species because: • The two do not normally interbreed.

6. Concept Check 0 • There are several other species pairs like these Meadowlarks in the Great Plains (orioles, chickadees, yellow-rumped warblers and flickers). Some are considered separate species and others aren’t, even though they do appear quite different. Which of the following might have geologically isolated these different bird populations leading to speciation? • The Mississippi River. • Recent (geologically) continental glaciation. • Prairie fires in the spring. • Hurricanes from the Gulf of Mexico

7. Answer 0 • There are several other species pairs like these Meadowlarks in the Great Plains (orioles, chickadees, yellow-rumped warblers and flickers). Some are considered separate species and others aren’t, even though they do appear quite different. Which of the following might have geologically isolated these different bird populations leading to speciation? • Recent (geologically) continental glaciation.

8. Thinking like a scientist 0 • In Diana Dodd’s experiment a laboratory fruit fly population was separated into two isolated populations living in different environments. Which mode of speciation is modeled in this experiment? • Macromolecular • Allopatric • Sympatric Female Starch Maltose Male Starch Maltose Experimental mating frequencies

9. Answer 0 • In Diana Dodd’s experiment a laboratory fruit fly population was separated into two isolated populations living in different environments. Which mode of speciation is modeled in this experiment? • Allopatric Female Starch Maltose Male Starch Maltose Experimental mating frequencies

10. Thinking like a scientist 0 • Diana Dodd’s hypothesis predicted that reproductive barriers would develop in fly populations isolated and reared in different environments. Do the results support this hypothesis? • Yes, female fruit flies show a preference for mating with males reared in the same environment. • No, females fruit flies are able to mate with males reared in the same and different environments. Female Starch Maltose Male Starch Maltose Experimental mating frequencies

11. Answer 0 • Diana Dodd’s hypothesis predicted that reproductive barriers would develop in fly populations isolated and reared in different environments. Do the results support this hypothesis? • Yes, female fruit flies show a preference for mating with males reared in the same environment. Female Starch Maltose Male Starch Maltose Experimental mating frequencies

12. Thinking like a scientist 0 • Which of the following best describes the control group for this experiment? • Populations of flies were reared in different environments but not separated for to test for mating preference. • Flies reared on one media type (single environment) were raised together and in separate populations. Mating preferences were tested between population reared together and separate but in the same environment. • The control group was the original fly population.

13. Answer 0 • Which of the following best describes the control group for this experiment? • Flies reared on one media type (single environment) were raised together and in separate populations. Mating preferences were tested between population reared together and separate but in the same environment.

14. Science and Society 0 • Natural History museums house collections of many kinds of animals. These collections contribute to our understanding of evolution. Most museums still carry on with limited collecting, concentrating of particular groups or organisms that will provide a particular insight into the working of evolution. Such a bird recently appeared in Missouri. The gull was suspected of being a rare hybrid so it was collected for study at a nationally recognized museum. Some members of the local bird watching community were incensed. Do you think that collecting birds such as this suspected hybrid is scientifically justified? Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree A. D. C. B. E.

15. Science and Society 0 • The proponents of Intelligent Design (ID) would like equal standing as an alternative to evolutionary theory. However, at this point intelligent design proponents have yet to produce evidence or research that supports their ideas. Do you think ID meets the tests of science? Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree A. D. C. B. E.

16. Science and Society 0 • One of the lines of evidence that led Darwin to the theory of natural selection was his study of artificial selection. Plant breeders and pigeon breeders select offspring with specific traits in mind before hand. However, since humans are an integral part of the natural world do you think that artificial selection might more appropriately be termed “natural selection?” Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree A. D. C. B. E.