情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。表示“需要、可以、必须、应当”等。

情态动词 ( modal verbs) 情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。表示“需要、可以、必须、应当”等。

1. can 与could 1.表能力 1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldn’t last year. 2) The new-built theatre can seat 1500 people. 3) Can she be in the computer center? 4) I though what he said could not be true. 5) Can/Could I use your dictionary? 6) Could you lend me a hand? 2. 表示推测，意为“可能”“或许”，用于疑问句或否定句 3. 表示“请求” “允许”(表请求时，口语中常用 could 代替 can 使语气更委婉，回答时用can)

4. 表示“许可”，可与may 换用。 You can go home now. 5. can 用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、不相信等，意思是“可能、能够”。 How can you say that you really understand the whole Story if you have covered only part of the article? 6. can’t/ couldn’t +have + done 表示对过去情况的否定推测 Susan can’t have written a report like this. 7. could + have + done 表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾 It’s a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.

B • Michael ____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short. • A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may • 2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be • that he was late for the opening ceremony? • A. can B. should C. may D. must • 3. ---- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. • ---- Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara. • A. could have stayed B. could stay • C. would stay D. must have stayed • My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday • afternoon, so he ____ your lecture. • A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended • C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended A A A

2. may 与might 1. 表示“许可”或“请求”，有“可以”的意思，口语中常用 might 代 may ,表示委婉语气。否定回答时用“must not”表“禁止，阻止”，不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示“可能不” 。 Eg: 1)--- May I watch TV after supper? --- Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. 2) Today is Sunday. She may not be in her office now. 2. 表示可能性。意为“或许，可能” might 比 may 可能性小。 Eg: 1) It might be true. 2) They may be in the library now.

3. may/ might as well + 动词原形 “…还是…的好” Eg: You may as well go and have a look. 4. May you +动词原形表“希望、祝愿、祈求” “祝你……” Eg: May you success.

1.Sorry I'm late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 2.Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 3. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would 4.Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.（2008全国II） A. will B. can C. must D. may A B B D

3. will 与would 1. 表“请求、建议”等，用 would 比用will 委婉，客气些 Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea? 2. 用于表示意志或意愿。 will 指现在，而 would 指过去。 Eg: 1) I’ll never do that again. 2) They said that they would help us.

3.表示习惯性动作。译作 “总是、惯于” will 指现在， would 指过去。 Eg: 1)He will often read all night. 2) Fish will die without water. 3) Every evening, she would sit by window, deep in thought. 4. 表示功能，译作“能、行” Eg: 1) That will be all right. 2) This door won’t open. 5. 用于否定句中，表示“不肯、不乐意” Eg: No matter what I said, he won’t listen to me.

The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service • treated B. were treated • C. would treat D. would be treated D What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done D Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may D Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should B

4. should 1. 用于表劝告、建议。意为”应该、应当”。 Eg: You should keep your promise. 2. 用于表推测。意为 “可能、该…” Eg: 1) It’s 7 o’clock, he should be at home. 2) They should have arrived by now. 3. 用于第一人称，表示说话人的谦逊、客气的语气 I should advise you not to do that.

1. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might B 2. —I don’t care what people think. —Well, you _______ A. could B. would C. should D. might C 3. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There_____be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall A

5. shall 与will 1. Shall与第一、三人称连用，且用在疑问句中时，表说话人征求听话者的允诺。 Will 与第二人称连用，且出现在疑问句中时，表示请求。 Would 更客气。 1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Shall the driver wait? 3) Will you speak louder, please?

2. shall的主语是第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人的允诺、警告、命令等语气。 will的主语是第一、二、三人称的陈述句，表意志、意愿。 Eg: 1)You shall get the book tomorrow. 2) He shall be punished. 3) You shall go with me. 4) If you will come to my house. I will show you my new painting. 允诺警告命令

一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”[2007 四川卷] A．will B．may C．shall D. must C —— What’s the name?——Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might A

6. can’t 用来表示由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。 Eg: 1) ---Listen, someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? --- It can’t be Tom, he has gone abroad. 2) --- Can/ could they have finished the work? --- No, they can’t have finished the work so soon.

7. must 1. 表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为“必须”“应该”，其否定式表示“不应该”“不许可” “不准”“禁止”。 Eg: 1) You must finish your homework first. 2) Children mustn’t speak like that to their parents. 2. 回答 must 所在的一般疑问句时，否定回答用 “needn’t” “don’t have to”. Eg: ---Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---No, you needn’t/ don’t have to, but you must finish it in three days. 3. 表推测，用于肯定句，意为“一定”“务必”。 Eg: 1) Betty must be in the next room. 2) He must be watering the flowers in his garden.

One of the few things you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can B -- Must he come to sign this paper himself? -- Yes, he . A. need B. must C. may D. will B

情态动词 + have done 这是历年高考热点之一，可表示“推测、责备、怀疑” 等多种意义。

一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计 1. must have done “想必或肯定已经做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night. 2. may/might have done “可能/大概已经做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but I still not sure about it. 3. can’t/couldn’t have done “不可能已经做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it can’t have rained last night 注：在疑问句中 can/could 表示对过去情况的疑问性推测，“可能已经…了吗？” eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom, Who could have done it?

二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备 1. should/ought to have done “过去本该做而没做” eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late. 2. shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done “过去不该做的事却做了” eg: I’m very sorry for the words I shouldn’t have said to you at that moment. 3. could/might have done “本来能够做的事却没做” eg: He could have worked out the problem.

4. needn’t have done “原本不必做的事却做了” eg: Your home is not far from your school, so you needn’t have left in such a hurry. 5. didn’t need to do/ didn’t have to do “ 没有必要做，实际也没做” eg: I didn’t need to clean the windows. My sister did it. He needn’t have come. He didn’t need to come. 他本没有必要来（实际却来了）他本没有必要来（实际也没来） 6. Would rather have done “本想做却未做成” eg: I would rather have come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time.

He __________ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t B He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need A But for the help of my English teacher, Ithe first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won B —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted B

As you worked late yesterday, you _________ have come this morning. A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t D

情态动词表说话人的某种感情 或语气，对某一动作或状态的 某种态度。表示“需要、可以、 必须、应当”等。