Ethics in nursing

1. Ethics in nursing Li Xiaohan Nursing School China Medical University

2. Unit1: Morality and ethics Unit2: Occupational morality and life ethics Unit3: Nursing morality and nursing ethics

3. Unit1: Morality and ethics • Morality • Ethic and ethics

4. 1. Morality 1.1 Meaning of morality 1.2 Function of morality

5. 1.1 Meaning 1.1.1 Definition 1.1.2 Two fields and three aspects

6. Definition of morality The morality is a social consciousness, which established based on definite economic foundation. It is the summation of behavior guide line (rule) and criterion that adjusts the relationship between human being and human being, human being and society, and human being and naturalness.

7. Two fields and three aspects Two fields: • Moral consciousness field • Moral activity field

8. Moral consciousness field Moral cognition Moral affection Moral conception Moral ideal Moral will (volition) Moral belief Moral judgment

9. Moral activity field • Moral cultural activities • Moral educational activities • Moral evaluation activities • Moral practical activities

10. Three aspects: • Moral cognition • Moral criterion • Moral behavior

11. 1.2 Function ofmorality 1.2.1 Regulative function 1.2.2 Educational function 1.2.3 Cognitive function

12. 2. Ethic and ethics 2.1 Ethic 2.2 Ethics

13. Ethic • Meaning • Relationship between • morality and ethic

14. Ethics • Definition • Fundamental problem

15. Definition of ethics Ethics is a science that studies the morality

16. Fundamental problem The relationship between morality and benefit is the fundamental problem of morality

17. Unit 2: Occupational morality and life ethics • Occupational morality • Life ethics

18. 1. Occupational morality • Definition • Characteristics

19. Definition It is the important component of social morality. It is the summation of moral criterions formed by persons , who engages in a definite occupation, in their specific occupational activities and these moral criterions will be used to guide their behavior.

20. Characteristics • Content • Format • Regulative scope • Efficacy

21. 2. Life ethics • Definition • Relevant theories • Some problems in life ethics

22. Definition of life ethics It is a science that studies human behaviors in the fields of life science and health care according to the moral values and moral principles

23. Foundation of medical behaviors is ： to choose the best value

24. Relevant theories • Commonweal theory • Obligation theory • Virtue theory • Value theory

25. Some problems in life ethics • Reproductive technique and reproduction control • Organ transportation • Euthanasia • Experiment on human body

26. （A）Reproductive technique and reproduction control • Reproductive technique • Reproduction control • Dealing with the defective newborn

27. Reproductive technique • Definition • Elementary forms • Principles

28. Definition Reproductive technique is a means that uses artificial techniques and methods to substitute some steps or whole steps of the natural reproductive process of human being

29. Elementary forms • Artificial fertilization • Fertilization out of body • Asexual reproduction

30. Principles • Biological principle • Sociological principle

31. Reproduction control • Definition • Means • Ethic problem

32. Definition Reproduction control is to interfere human being’s reproductive process by using biological, medical, social, and legal means to avoid or terminate pregnancy in order to control the increase of population and enhance the quality of population.

33. Means • Conception control • Sterilization • Induced abortion

34. Ethic problem a) Whether need to know the inside story and consent or not b) Attitude toward to fetus and his/her right for birth

35. Dealing with the defective newborn • Definition • Target for dealing with • Related to ethic problem

36. （B）Organ transportation • Definition • Related to ethic problem

37. Definition Organ transportation is to use a healthy organ to substitute another being destroyed and be unable to be treated organ in order to achieve the goal of certain treatment or save the life of patients.

38. Related to ethic problem • Donor • receptor

39. Donor Source of donor: (1) Dead person (2) Live person

40. Receptor Choose of patients: (1) Medical standards (2) Social standards

41. Medical standard (1) Indication (2) Contraindication

42. Social standards • Age • Social value • Personal ability to cope

43. （C）Euthanasia • Concept • Ethic problem

44. Concept of euthanasia • Basic meaning • Forms • Methods

45. Basic meaning • State of death:no pain • Method of death: terminal skill with no pain

46. Forms of euthanasia • Active euthanasia • Passive euthanasia

47. Active euthanasia Medical personnel or other persons adopt some measures to end patients’ pain or accelerate the process of death.

48. Passive euthanasia To stop all medical measures used on patients and let them die naturally

49. Methods of euthanasia • To give up treatment • To perform by himself/herself • To perform by relatives • To perform directly by medical • personnel

50. Ethic problems • Supporter • Objector ( opponent ) • Make a difference between